There are many difficulties
According to Minister and Chairman of the Ethnic Committee Hau A Lenh, in order to solve the essential needs in the lives of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas, in recent years, our Party and State have issued many policies to support the resolution of difficulties in residential land and production land for ethnic minorities to overcome the situation of spontaneous nomadic migration, shifting cultivation, and deforestation such as: Resolution No. 539/UBTVQH13 dated December 30, 2013 of the National Assembly Standing Committee; Decision 134/2004/QD-TTg dated July 20, 2004, 1592/QD-TTg dated October 12, 2009, 755/QD-TTg dated May 20, 2013, 2085/QD-TTg dated October 31, 2016 of the Prime Minister on resolving the shortage of residential land, housing, production land, and domestic water for poor ethnic minority households with difficult lives nationwide.
Accordingly, in the period of 2016 - 2020, 9,523 households were supported with residential land with an area of 72 hectares; 3,900 households were supported with production land with an area of 1,283 hectares; 21,233 households were supported with job conversion, of which 20,670 households were supported with agricultural jobs, 559 with non-agricultural jobs, and 4 households with other jobs. Thereby, ethnic minority households have stabilized their housing, have production land, and have jobs to earn a living, gradually stabilizing their lives, reducing the rate of spontaneous nomadic households from 29,718 nomadic households in 2009 to 9,300 nomadic households in 2021.
From 2021 to present, the policy of supporting residential land and production land is stipulated in Project 1 of the National Target Program for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas; the policy of arranging and stabilizing population is stipulated in Project 2 of this Program.
In addition, the level of direct support for households has been increased, specifically: Households supported with residential land will receive a maximum of 40 million VND/household from the central budget, a minimum of 4 million VND/household from the local budget, and a maximum of 50 million VND/household from the Social Policy Bank; households directly supported with production land will receive a maximum of 22.5 million VND/household from the central budget and a maximum of 77.5 million VND/household from the Social Policy Bank.
However, Minister Hau A Lenh said that the implementation of this work still encountered some difficulties. Specifically, in previous stages, although there were many programs, projects, and policies to support residential land and production land, due to very limited allocated resources, most of the goals were not completed.
In particular, many localities no longer have land to allocate; in some places land prices are too high, and the support level according to current regulations cannot be implemented.
Up to now, the National Target Program for Ethnic Minorities and Mountainous Areas has been issued, and capital has been allocated; capital to support residential land and production land is arranged from development investment capital. However, there are currently no specific regulations on the use of public investment capital to directly support households, leading to difficulties for localities in disbursing capital to support ethnic minority households.
In addition, the lives and production of a part of the spontaneous migrants still face many difficulties, production recovery is not sustainable, many households have not enjoyed social security policies because their legal status has not been recognized (household registration has not been registered).
In addition, high population density and increasing pressure on forests, typically in mountainous areas lacking agricultural land and places with spontaneous migration, or due to socio-economic development requirements, many forest areas must change their purpose.
By 2025, the shortage of residential land and production land will be fundamentally resolved.
Minister Hau A Lenh said that in order to solve the problem of supporting residential land and production land for ethnic minorities, in the coming time, we will focus on implementing the National Target Program on socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous areas, disbursing capital, and supporting residential land and production land for job conversion for ethnic minority households that do not have or lack residential land and production land.
Specifically, the goal by 2025 is to fundamentally resolve the shortage of residential land and production land for ethnic minorities, including providing residential land for more than 17,400 households, directly providing production land for more than 47,200 households, and solving livelihoods for 271,800 households.
Regarding the mechanism of using public investment capital to directly support households, the Minister said that the Government has assigned the Ministry of Planning and Investment to preside over and coordinate with relevant ministries and branches to study and advise the Government to amend and supplement Decree No. 27/2022/ND-CP, including adding specific mechanisms and payment and settlement procedures according to the direction of the Deputy Prime Minister in the conclusion notice No. 50/TB-VPCP dated February 22, 2023 of the Government Office.
Regarding population stabilization, forest protection and development, the Government has assigned the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to preside over and coordinate with ministries, branches and localities to implement Resolution No. 22/NQ-CP dated March 1, 2020 of the Government on stabilizing spontaneous migrants and managing and using land originating from agricultural and forestry farms. The goal is to basically eliminate spontaneous migration by 2025; complete the work of arranging all spontaneous migrants to residential areas according to the planning; complete the household registration and civil status registration for spontaneous migrants who meet the prescribed conditions; focus on completing the development of the system of infrastructure works and sustainable development in the project area for stabilizing spontaneous migrants. The Ethnic Committee will closely coordinate with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Planning and Investment to develop principles and criteria for selecting a list of projects to stabilize spontaneous migrants proposed by the People's Committees of the provinces.
Coordinate with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and other ministries, branches and localities to implement Decree No. 75/2015/ND-CP dated September 18, 2015 of the Government on the policy mechanism for forest protection and development, associated with the policy of rapid and sustainable poverty reduction and support for ethnic minorities in the period 2015-2020; Decision No. 24/2012/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister on a number of policies for management of investment in the development of special-use forests in the period 2011-2020...
Minimize the conversion of natural forest use to non-forestry purposes; complete land allocation and forest lease associated with the issuance of forestry land use certificates, ensure that all forest and land areas planned for forestry development must be allocated and leased to real forest owners; ensure sufficient conditions for forest protection and sustainable development of forest resources. Ensure the goal of protection and sustainable development for all 14.609 million hectares of existing forests and newly created forest areas...
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