08/15/2023 13:05
As a branch of the Gie Trieng ethnic group in the Northern Central Highlands, the Trieng people have long lived near the border in Ngoc Hoi district and are proud of their rich and diverse traditional cultural beauty. In addition to gongs and xoang, there are also unique traditional musical instruments made from rattan, bamboo, and wood.
In Dak Rang village, Dak Duc commune, Ngoc Hoi district, village elder Brôl Ve is honored to be the “conductor” of a traditional orchestra with special appeal. Having become familiar with flutes and instruments since the age of 13-14, now, at the age of over 70, he has made and used nearly 20 musical instruments of various kinds. From the efforts of the dedicated village elder, the love for traditional musical instruments has spread throughout the community. Generations continue the passion for the resounding sounds of flutes and instruments.
Many years ago, a preliminary study of the traditional musical instruments of the Trieng people in Dak Rang was introduced, through the results of initial research by the late musician Pham Cao Dat - former official of the provincial Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism. Accordingly, the Trieng people have a very rich, diverse and unique folk music (including singing and instrumental music). Regarding instrumental music, in addition to the main gong, we must also mention the system of folk "musical instruments".
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According to the original collection, wind instruments include flutes, mainly talen, talun, and talette. Talen is a 4-hole flute, blown vertically. Talun has 3 holes but is longer than talen and has a lower sound. Talette has only 1 hole in the middle of the tube, creating sound by combining blowing with the mouth and clapping and lightly covering the end of the tube with the palm of the hand.
Gor is made from a very small reed tube (only 1-1.5cm in diameter) but up to 1 meter long, with a vibrating membrane made of chicken wire creating a special tone.
Khen be consists of 7 pairs of pipes bonded together with beeswax. According to elder Brôl Vé, the Khen was inspired by the “doar” - a traditional polyphonic musical instrument much loved by the Trieng people. The body of the doar consists of 6 small bamboo tubes of different lengths, connected together and attached to a dry gourd shell to both resonate the sound and create the shape.
In the form of a horn to blow, there are the kayol and the ka kit. The kayol is made from a 12-15cm long goat horn. The large end of the horn is sealed with beeswax, while the pointed end of the horn is cut diagonally to create a hole about 0.5cm in diameter. The sound is created inside the curve of the horn. The kayol has a clear sound and only requires a light blow. The kakit is made from a buffalo horn, the blow is heavy and deep. The kakit is used as a gong to call and gather villagers whenever there is an event. The ka don is blown to signal to the villagers when a wild boar is trapped.
Among the musical instruments of the Trieng people, it is impossible not to mention the Dinh Tut, a musical instrument consisting of 6 pipes used by 6 people at the same time, creating a very beautiful and unique sound.
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Brôl Thị was one of the first young men from Dak Rang village to be taught by old Brôl Vé how to use and make a bobbin (m'bin) - the most popular instrument of the Trieng people. Up to now, he has created more than 10 instruments himself. Some instruments were selected to be displayed at the Exhibition House, introducing the village's typical products. The bobbin is small in shape (like the mandolin, or the Van Kieu's ta lu...), made of milk wood, but according to Brôl Thị, without perseverance and hard work, it is impossible to cut it. The uniqueness of the bobbin is that with only two strings attached to a small fret, it is enough to create a smooth sound. In the same family as the bobbin, there is also the bobbin pui, similar to the goong of the Ba Na people.
Regarding the instrument, the Trieng people's oong eng, including the oong eng ot and the ong eng nham, are similar in structure, only the way they are held is different. The oong eng makes a very small sound, just buzzing like a mosquito, and is made according to the principle of the kôní (of the Gia Rai ethnic group) but is more primitive. In addition to a wooden stick, rattan string, the oong eng's pull rod is a small, flexible piece of bamboo that rubs against the strings.
According to estimates, the Trieng people's homemade musical instruments made from bamboo, rattan, and wood account for two-thirds of the total number of musical instruments currently used in the Dak Rang village community. The characteristics of their folk music are gentle and peaceful, like gentle confidences in a small space, expressing the deep feelings and peaceful life of the Trieng people.
With a special musical sense and many years of experience with traditional musical instruments, village elder Brôl Vé said that each instrument, flute, panpipe... that is crafted and used seems to be a story, a fate, a life associated with the activities and lives of people in the small village. Since ancient times, while the bobbin is commonly played in both daily activities and festivals, the doar is often paired to be played when going to the fields. The panpipe is played during happy occasions and big ceremonies. The Oong eng ót is a love song of a young man missing his lover, a distant relative missing his friends, the village... In particular, the ensemble of musical instruments is significantly effective when accompanied by folk songs, contributing to creating a unique and charming harmony. Along with gongs and xoang, traditional musical instruments have followed the artisans of the village to festivals and cultural events organized by levels, sectors and localities.
The efforts of today's young people to continue the legacy of previous artisans contribute to spreading the long-standing cultural beauty of the community.
Thanh Nhu
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