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| There are very few ethnic minority students in physical education class. (Source: CPV) |
In May 2017, when the Government issued Decree No. 57/ND-CP regulating preferential admission and learning support policies for preschool children, pupils and students of very small ethnic minorities, in Vietnam, 16 ethnic groups were identified as beneficiaries, including: Cong, Mang, Pu Peo, Si La, Co Lao, Bo Y, La Ha, Ngai, Chut, O Du, Brau, Ro Mam, Lo Lo, Lu, Pa Then and La Hu.
These are ethnic minorities with a population of less than 10,000 people, accounting for 0.08% of the national population, accounting for 0.55% of the ethnic minority population, residing in difficult areas, belonging to the "core poverty" areas of the country, so they always lag behind in accessing resources, public services and development opportunities compared to other ethnic minorities and compared to the majority.
Due to difficult socio-economic conditions, having to study far from home and partly influenced by the outdated perception that human resources are needed for production labor to ensure daily food, or even that "high education is useless", there is still a situation where a small number of ethnic minorities have a rate of primary school attendance at the right age that has not reached the target, such as the Brau ethnic group.
The rate of out-of-school children among the Brau ethnic group is the highest (35.4%); the rate of children not attending secondary school is three times higher than the average rate of the 53 ethnic minorities.
Among ethnic minorities with a population of less than 10,000 people, the lowest rate of trained labor force is the Brau ethnic group (2.2%) and the highest is the Pu Peo ethnic group, only reaching 29%. There are 9 ethnic minorities with very few people whose rate of trained labor force is lower than the average of 53 ethnic minorities, that is, lower than 10.3%...
Some figures from the results of the second survey of information collected from 53 ethnic minorities in 2019 show that ethnic minorities in Vietnam, which are very few in number, still face many difficulties in accessing education and thus face many disadvantages in accessing opportunities for technical and professional training to create jobs for themselves or find jobs with higher wages than doing pure agriculture in their homeland, leading to a high rate of poverty among these ethnic minorities.
Decree No. 57/ND-CP was issued to contribute to creating conditions for children of ethnic minorities with very few people to have the opportunity to access education, ensuring the requirements of expanding career options; protecting and promoting disadvantaged groups to exercise their right to education and training, the right to full development, equal to other ethnic groups, meeting human development and improving the quality of life.
Implementing Decree No. 57/ND-CP, in the period of 2017-2022, 100% of ethnic minority preschool children with very few people wish to study at public preschools, kindergartens and classes; 100% of ethnic minority students with very few people are able to study at all levels of general education at ethnic boarding schools and public general schools.
Upon graduating from junior high school and high school, students are placed in higher education courses appropriate to their individual wishes and academic level.
In addition, nearly VND710 billion has been spent to implement learning support policies for very small ethnic minority students.
As a Lu ethnic person, studying at the Central Ethnic University Preparatory School and receiving a study support level according to the provisions of Decree No. 57/ND-CP equal to 100% of the basic salary/person/month and paid directly monthly, Tao Thi Dien shared that this support has helped her family reduce the difficulty in paying for her child's monthly tuition fees, and at the same time created motivation to help her determinedly study to enter the threshold of the university she has always dreamed of.
According to the assessment of the Department of Ethnic Education (Ministry of Education and Training), the policies stipulated in Decree 57/ND-CP not only facilitate enrollment but also, thanks to financial support, students have more conditions to study, thereby maintaining the attendance rate, reducing the dropout rate, contributing significantly to the implementation and consolidation of universal preschool education, primary education and secondary education, and gradually improving the quality of education.
For example, in Bao Lac district, Cao Bang province, the implementation of preferential admission policies has helped the rate of Lo Lo ethnic students completing primary school and entering ethnic boarding schools gradually increase. In the 2018-2019 school year, this rate was 17.24%, but by the 2019-2020 school year, it had increased to 53.13%.
However, according to Mr. Le Nhu Xuyen - Deputy Director of the Department of Ethnic Education, Ministry of Education and Training, the implementation of Decree 57/ND-CP is currently facing some shortcomings. For example, the learning support policy only applies to preschool children from 3 years old and up, nursery children do not have a support regime, while the rate of poor and near-poor households of many ethnic minorities is very small and very high, up to 80%, leading to difficulties in mobilizing nursery children to go to class.
In addition, the population of ethnic minorities with very few people has also changed. The La Hu and La Ha ethnic groups have a population of over 10,000 people and are no longer eligible for Decree No. 57/ND-CP. In fact, according to Decision No. 1227/QD-TTg dated July 14, 2021 of the Prime Minister approving the list of ethnic groups facing many difficulties and specific difficulties in the period 2021-2025, there are only 14 ethnic groups: Cong, Mang, Pu Peo, Si La, Co Lao, Bo Y, Ngai, Chut, O Du, Brau, Ro Mam, Lo Lo, Lu and Pa Then.
Deputy Minister of Education and Training Ngo Thi Minh said that the implementation of support policies for children, pupils and students of very small ethnic minorities has affirmed the humanity, superiority and concern of the Party and State for very small ethnic minorities.
This is also a solution of Vietnam to realize human rights in general, the rights of ethnic minorities in particular in accessing learning opportunities, to shorten the development gap in education and training with other ethnic minorities and with the majority.
In the coming time, along with prioritizing the allocation of resources to seriously and fully implement preferential policies on enrollment and learning support for preschool children, pupils and students of very small ethnic minorities as prescribed in Decree No. 57ND-CP, the Ministry of Education and Training will coordinate with ministries, branches and localities to direct the continued review and completion of mechanisms and policies in accordance with reality to create the best conditions for the development of education and training for very small ethnic minorities.
Review and perfect policies and mechanisms in accordance with reality to create the best conditions for developing education and training for ethnic minorities with very small populations.
Strengthen inspection, supervision and promote the role of mass organizations, village elders, village chiefs, and prestigious people in ethnic minority areas to participate in propaganda, mobilization and promote communication work on the implementation of Decree 57/2017/ND-CP and policies in the field of education and training in ethnic minority and mountainous areas.
The Ministry of Education and Training also requested the People's Committees of provinces and cities to strengthen inspection and supervision, promptly detect, prevent and handle violations of the law on Decree 57/2017/ND-CP during the implementation process.
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