In the previous issue of the “Cà ke truyện chữ nghĩa” column, we pointed out four compound words that were mistakenly recognized as reduplicative by the Vietnamese Reduplicated Words Dictionary as reduplicated words: tranh loi, cay cuc, cưng cưng, cau tu. In this article, we continue to analyze the independent meanings of the four words: nao nao, ano mot, co cuc, and cuc (the part in quotation marks after the item number is the original text of the Vietnamese Reduplicated Words Dictionary - Institute of Linguistics - editor-in-chief Hoang Van Hanh; the line breaks are our discussion):
1 - “NOTICE dgt. 1. Having an uncomfortable feeling in the body like being swayed, dizzy, nauseous. Nausea like a seasick person. Nausea is uncomfortable. “He felt nauseous, his limbs were weak as if he had been fasting for three days” (Nam Cao); 2. Feeling uneasy, agitated in his emotions when he was longing for, remembering something. The moments of waiting anxiously. “Lying on my back, I miss the moon, lying on my side, I miss the wharf, Sitting up, I miss the mountain pass.” (Pham Tien Duat)”.
Nausea is a compound word [homogenous meaning], in which: vomit means to vomit, to vomit; to have a feeling of restlessness, impatience (like Thinking about it makes me nauseous; He vomited when he visited home so there was no way to hold it back).
The Vietnamese dictionary (edited by Hoang Phe) explains vomit as “impatient, impatient” and gives the example “vomit to go home early”; ~“Just now, I vomited so much, I kept asking to go out there but they wouldn’t let me.” (Anh Duc). Con nao means a feeling of being unsteady, restless in the heart (like being restless; Even though it is difficult, I am not restless; My heart is certain/ No one urges me to stand or sit, I am restless - Folk song).
Thus, the idioms "vomit and go home early", "nausea", "Despite hardship, don't be nauseous", "Who urges to stand or sit, nauseous" show us that nauseous is a compound word, not a reduplicative word.
2 - “GRUNTING tt. There is a feeling of nausea, as if being rubbed and eroded in the stomach in successive waves. Drinking a lot of tea makes the stomach growl. Hungry all over. “Sometimes porridge, sometimes sweet potatoes, plowing and going to school, Stomach growling, the letters run unsteadily” (Nguyen Duy)”.
Cồn gà is a compound word [similar in meaning], in which: cồn means rising waves (like rising waves) with a broad meaning of feeling restless, queasy in the stomach, like rising waves (like Hungry, hungry, scratching; Stomach, scratching liver; Lately I feel like I have no appetite, stoke); càc means to scratch and tear (like a cat scratches; When you are hungry and eat something sour, it scratches your intestines); “cồn gà” means feeling like waves are rising (cồn) and your hand is scratching and tearing inside your heart (cáo).
Thus, the text "Lately I feel like I have no appetite, my stomach is churning", or "I'm hungry and eating something sour makes my stomach churn", shows that "con gao" is a compound word, not a reduplicative word.
3 - “HARD WORK tt Extreme hardship and suffering. The miserable life of farmers under the feudal regime”.
Co cuc 飢極 is a Sino-Vietnamese compound word [meaning the same era]: co 飢 means hunger (co cung 飢窮 = hunger and misery; co han 飢寒 = hunger and cold; co kho 飢苦 = poverty and misery; Fire burns the intestines, cold knives cut the skin; Save food to prevent poverty); cuc 極 is suffering, hard work (like Eating alone is painful, working alone is extremely hard). The Great Chinese Dictionary explains: “co” means “not being full; too hungry” [original text: ngất bất bao; ngã - 吃不飽; 餓]; and “cúc” is “miserable, causing misery; miserable.” [original text: kqxsmb, su chi kqxsmb; bi khen - 困窘, 使之困窘; 疲困].
Thus, although limited, in the sentences "Tich coc phong co" (Stock food to prevent co); "Lua co cau co toc, dao han chop da", "co" (hunger) appears as an independent word in the function. Therefore, "co cuc" is still a compound word, not a reduplicative word.
4 - “GRUDE tt. Easily irritable, rude and having harsh words; rough (general speaking). Rough temperament. Rough, rude speech”.
"Cục gẩn" is a compound word [contemporary meaning], in which "cục" (or "cục", Thanh Hoa dialect) means being irritable and rude (like "cục tính"; "cục tính"); "cần" means dry and infertile, understood figuratively as a dry temperament, speech lacking gentleness and softness (like barren land; barren soul; Thanh Hoa dialect: "tinh gẩn", for example: "That guy is very stubborn").
In the word barren, "coi" also means old, stunted, barren, out of vitality, out of fertility. For example, barren trees, barren land...
Thus, the four cases: hangover, ravenous, miserable, grumpy, that we analyzed above are all equal compound words, not reduplicative words.
Hoang Trinh Son (Contributor)
Source: https://baothanhhoa.vn/ve-mot-so-tu-lay-non-nao-con-cao-co-cuc-cuc-can-235442.htm
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