PV: Sir, can you share about the important contents that the Parties will discuss and negotiate at COP28?
Mr. Pham Van Tan: In 2023, representatives of 197 countries including heads of government and world leaders, non-governmental organizations, businesses, youth groups and other stakeholders will attend the COP28 Conference. The biggest goal of the Conference is to continue to promote Parties to drastically reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and bring net emissions to “zero” by mid-century, through the development of standards, emission reduction measures and ensuring implementation.
Following the results of COP27 in 2022, COP28 will discuss the development of a declaration on phasing out fossil fuels and promoting the energy transition as a key measure to reduce emissions to achieve the target of 1.5oC by the end of the century. Regarding climate change adaptation, the Conference will continue to finalize the global adaptation target framework and continue to discuss solutions to address loss and damage, the operating mechanism and resource contribution to the Loss and Damage Fund established at COP27.
On climate finance, the Conference will continue to review progress towards the target of mobilizing $100 billion per year that should have been achieved by 2020; discuss the target of resource mobilization by 2025 and the long term. In addition, the Parties will continue to finalize detailed regulations and guidelines for countries to implement carbon credit trading and offset mechanisms under the Paris Agreement.
For the first time, Parties will assess the progress of the Paris Agreement in a comprehensive manner worldwide. COP28 will discuss the synthesis of efforts to adapt to climate change, reduce GHG emissions, contribute finance, technology and strengthen capacity to respond to climate change submitted by countries through national reports and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to see progress and gaps in implementing global goals to respond to climate change.
PV: What is the goal that the Vietnamese delegation set when attending the COP28 Conference, sir?
Mr. Pham Van Tan: Attending COP28 is the responsibility and obligation of each party participating in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement. Vietnam will actively participate in building decisions and activities of the COP28 Conference, ensuring the principles of fairness and justice in responding to climate change and the interests of developing countries on the basis of harmony with the interests of other countries, especially those with close relations with Vietnam.
The Vietnamese delegation will convey a message to the international community about the challenges and negative impacts of climate change on Vietnam, and Vietnam's proactive and positive role in responding to climate change. It can be affirmed that Vietnam has accomplished a lot and has seriously implemented the commitments made at COP26 and COP27. This is an important premise for Vietnam to raise a strong voice on issues related to implementing commitments and energy transition - important contents at this year's COP28 Conference.
The delegation also aims to increase the participation of the business sector. Activities to promote cooperation with bilateral and multilateral partners, international organizations, and financial institutions will also be deployed to mobilize support for the implementation of the National Strategy on Climate Change until 2050, the implementation of NDC, programs, projects, and plans to implement Vietnam's commitments to respond to climate change.
Reporter: The Vietnamese delegation will participate in many negotiations within the framework of COP28. Could you share Vietnam's consistent viewpoint on climate change response at this Conference, sir?
Mr. Pham Van Tan: From Vietnam's perspective, GHG emission reduction activities need to comply with the common but differentiated responsibility rule and the respective capabilities of each country, according to the Convention and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The COP28 results need to clearly reflect the differences in GHG emission reduction actions and implementation methods between developed and developing countries.
The Paris Agreement does not stipulate that all countries will achieve net zero emissions by 2050. To achieve this goal, developed countries need to further enhance their GHG emission reduction targets for the 2025 and 2030 periods. GHG emission reduction results should help build confidence and trust among countries and facilitate international cooperation.
Regarding climate change adaptation, COP28 needs to provide a clear and feasible global adaptation target framework, ensuring resources for climate change adaptation, not only including capacity building and information sharing targets but also focusing on providing means for implementation. Vietnam supports the acceleration of the progress of building the organizational structure, operation and management of the Loss and Damage Fund according to the orientation set out at COP27.
Vietnam also calls for the development of a specific roadmap to ensure a balance between finance for adaptation and mitigation, and doubling finance for climate change adaptation by 2025; and strengthening the commitment of developed countries through the provision of climate finance. In addition, COP28 decisions related to the results of the first global assessment of efforts should increase the level of ambition of all pillars within the framework of the Paris Agreement.
Vietnam has made strong commitments and is actively implementing climate actions, calling on countries to fulfill their commitments with specific actions to contribute to the common global efforts.
PV: Thank you very much!
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