In his opening speech, Associate Professor Dr. Pham Quang Thao - Vice President of the Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations said: According to statistics from the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, currently, the amount of domestic solid waste generated nationwide is about 60,000 tons/day. Only the two major cities, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City, have 7,000-9,000 tons of domestic waste per day. It is forecasted that by 2025, the rate of domestic solid waste generation will increase by 10-16%/year. Regarding the treatment of domestic solid waste, currently over 70% of the waste is treated by landfill and only 15% of it is buried hygienically.
The problem of leachate treatment is a very complex and expensive task. In particular, current landfill technology has not yet collected methane gas - one of the main causes of the greenhouse effect. In the face of these challenges, solutions such as classifying and collecting domestic solid waste at the source, applying advanced technology in recycling domestic solid waste, and gradually reducing direct landfilling of waste need to be increasingly applied.
According to Dr. Le Cong Luong - Deputy General Secretary of the Vietnam Union of Science and Technology Associations, one of the solutions to promote a circular economy from waste treatment is to develop the waste processing industry, especially domestic solid waste, and encourage investment and development of waste processing plants to separate and recycle components of domestic waste. This creates a new source of recycled materials and helps reduce the burden on the environment.
At the same time, it is necessary to build an effective waste management system, invest in infrastructure and waste treatment technology to optimize the treatment and recycling process. Use advanced technologies such as biological treatment, thermal treatment, and waste-to-energy conversion.
To promote the application of effective solid waste treatment technology, Mr. Tran Dinh Long - Director of the ECO Institute of Environment and Agriculture recommended that relevant ministries and branches review and evaluate typical operating technologies to find the most suitable technologies, with specific evaluation criteria such as recycling the most resources, emitting the least emissions, and having the lowest operating costs and investment costs.
Sharing the same viewpoint, Dr. Le Cong Luong proposed that it is necessary to complete the technology appraisal activities of investment projects related to domestic solid waste treatment. At the same time, the management agency needs to promptly issue and complete an incentive mechanism that is attractive enough for businesses to participate in transferring domestic solid waste treatment technology associated with large-scale investment projects and research on scientific and technological tasks. In addition, it is necessary to supplement policies on unit prices for waste treatment/purchase of electricity from waste-to-energy projects for each type of technology, tax exemption and reduction mechanisms, and interest rate support/reduction.
According to statistics, there are currently about 400 domestic solid waste incinerators, 37 centralized compost production lines, and over 900 landfills nationwide, many of which are unsanitary. Some facilities apply the method of burning domestic solid waste with energy recovery to generate electricity or combine many different treatment methods.
Regarding the rate of waste treatment by treatment methods, currently, about 71% of the total waste is treated by landfill; about 16% of the total waste is treated at organic fertilizer processing plants and about 13% of the total waste is treated by incineration and other methods.
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