The economic zone model is prioritized by many localities to increase competitive advantage.
Many localities are proposing to supplement economic zone planning, considering it a competitive advantage in attracting investment.
Priority investment in economic zones
The economic zone model is a priority choice for many localities to attract resources for socio-economic development. The Ministry of Planning and Investment reported to the National Assembly delegates when mentioning the state management of economic zones - one of the contents questioned by delegates at the 8th session of the 15th National Assembly.
The practice of developing established economic zones, such as Dung Quat, Vung Ang, Nghi Son, Dinh Vu - Cat Hai... has proven that the formation of economic zones opens up many opportunities, creating a driving force to promote regional economic development through investment incentives, synchronous infrastructure systems and conditions for large-scale industrial development.
Currently, the economic zone model continues to be prioritized for development in many localities to increase competitive advantages in attracting investment.
For example, Quang Ninh Province has established five economic zones, including three border economic zones and two coastal economic zones. Hai Phong has established the Dinh Vu-Cat Hai economic zone and proposed to establish a second coastal economic zone. Some southern localities, such as Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan, and Ben Tre, have also proposed to supplement the economic zone planning.
Currently, most of the investment projects in the manufacturing sector, projects with large investment capital mostly choose industrial parks and economic zones as investment locations. For example, Samsung, LG, Lego, Pandora, Formosa…
Thorough decentralization to local level
The authority to decide on orientations and mobilize resources for the development of economic zones has been thoroughly decentralized to localities, the Ministry of Planning and Investment reported. These contents have been specifically regulated in Decree No. 35/2022/ND-CP regulating the management of industrial parks and economic zones.
Specifically, competent localities shall preside over the development and direction of the implementation of economic zone development plans in the area; organize the establishment and approval of tasks and general planning projects for the construction of economic zones...
Localities have the right to decide to use state budget capital to invest or support investment in technical infrastructure systems inside and outside economic zones.
Local authorities also have the right to direct the implementation of investment procedures for investment projects in construction and business of infrastructure of functional areas in economic zones during the period when the management board of industrial parks and economic zones has not been established according to the provisions of law on investment; Issue specific incentive and incentive policies in accordance with the provisions of law on prioritizing the recruitment and use of local labor, highly specialized and skilled labor.
Localities also have the authority to issue conditions and criteria for investor enterprises that are given priority in leasing land and subleasing land according to the provisions of law...
The results achieved are attracting a large amount of investment capital, supplementing important resources for development investment, contributing to promoting economic growth;
Accelerate the process of industrialization and modernization, transform development space, promote industry and regional linkages, and create an important foundation for long-term growth.
Contribute to job creation, labor restructuring, increasing labor productivity and improving the quality of human resources; actively contributing to environmental protection and implementing green growth orientation...
Need for Law on Industrial Parks and Economic Zones
The Ministry of Planning and Investment recommends studying and developing the Law on Industrial Parks and Economic Zones, ensuring the promotion of the development of industrial parks and economic zones to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization in the new situation; at the same time, meeting new trends in the world, such as green economy, digital economy, circular economy, and green energy.
The basis of this proposal is the limitations of industrial park and economic zone development that the Ministry of Planning and Investment has mentioned. For example, the quality and efficiency of planning has not met the requirements, the efficiency of land use is not high, and the central budget allocated for the development of industrial parks and economic zones is still limited.
According to the explanation of the Ministry of Planning and Investment, one of the main reasons is that the institutions and laws related to industrial parks and economic zones have not been completed, lack synchronization and have not made breakthroughs to adapt to development requirements, creating new directions for the development of industrial parks and economic zones.
The legal framework for industrial parks and economic zones is not high, the legal framework regulating the operation of industrial parks and economic zones is scattered, not strong enough, and only stops at the Decree level. Meanwhile, the operation of industrial parks and economic zones is related to many different fields, regulated at the law level, such as planning, investment, enterprises, land, construction, environmental protection, housing, labor, etc.
The system of investment incentives and investment support policies in Vietnam in general and in industrial parks and economic zones in particular is still ineffective and has not created a difference to orient investment flows.
Locally, a system of management boards of industrial parks and economic zones has been established to perform direct state management functions over industrial parks and economic zones.
However, regulations on the position, functions, tasks and organizational structure of the management boards of industrial parks and economic zones are unclear, unstable, inconsistent, not fully decentralized and have not created a complete legal basis for implementing the policy of reforming administrative procedures according to the one-stop-shop model of the Government.
Therefore, in the coming time, it is necessary to research and develop the Law on Industrial Parks and Economic Zones.
Along with that, the Ministry of Planning and Investment recommends promoting decentralization and authorization to localities, ensuring the effective promotion of the "one-stop, on-site" model in managing investment in the development of industrial parks and economic zones.
Specialized economic zones are a new type of economic zone added in Decree No. 35/2022/ND-CP, so to date no specialized economic zones have been established.
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