During feudal times, the two provinces of Ninh Binh and Nam Dinh were part of Giao Chi district, while Ha Nam was originally Ly Nhan prefecture in Ha Noi province. At one point, Ninh Binh and Nam Ha provinces (later Nam Dinh and Ha Nam provinces) merged into Ha Nam Ninh province.
Ninh Binh province in the length of history
According to historical documents, Ninh Binh land during the Dinh - Tien Le period (968 - 1009) was the capital of Hoa Lu. During that period, Dinh Tien Hoang divided the country into 10 regions, then the Tien Le dynasty (980 - 1009) changed the 10 regions of the Dinh dynasty into roads, prefectures, and districts.
Tran and Ho dynasties (1226 -1406): Ninh Binh land belonged to Truong Yen route, because the Tran dynasty changed Truong Yen prefecture of the Ly dynasty to Truong Yen route, including 4 districts: Le Gia, Uy Vien (Gia Vien), Yen Ninh (Yen Khanh); Mo Do (Yen Mo).
Ninh Binh in the early Le Dynasty was the land of two prefectures, Truong Yen and Thien Quan, governing 6 districts. Truong Yen prefecture, 3 districts: Gia Vien, Yen Ninh and Yen Mo. Thien Quan prefecture included 3 districts: Phung Hoa, Ninh Hoa and Lac Tho.
During the Nguyen Dynasty, in the 3rd year of Minh Mang (1822), Thanh Binh Dao was changed to Ninh Binh Dao. The official name of Ninh Binh was from here. In the 10th year of Minh Mang (1829), Ninh Binh Dao was changed to Ninh Binh town.
After the August Revolution in 1945, Ninh Binh province was under Zone 3 (after January 25, 1948, under Zone 3), including 1 town, 6 districts, 2 townships: Ninh Binh town (provincial capital), Nho Quan district, Gia Vien district, Gia Khanh district, Yen Khanh district, Yen Mo district, Kim Son district. Nho Quan town (district capital of Nho Quan district). Phat Diem town (district capital of Kim Son district).
On December 27, 1975, at the 2nd session, the 5th National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam passed a resolution to merge Ninh Binh province and Nam Ha province into a new province named Ha Nam Ninh.
On December 26, 1991, the 10th session of the 8th National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam passed a resolution to separate Ha Nam Ninh province into Nam Ha province and re-establish Ninh Binh province. On April 1, 1992, Ninh Binh province officially began operating as the newly re-established province.
Gross domestic product (GRDP at 2010 comparative prices) in 2024 will increase by 8.52%, exceeding the set plan (the set plan is 7.6%). Of which, the agriculture-forestry-fishery sector will increase by 2.7%; the industry-construction sector will increase by 10.5%, of which industry alone will increase by 11%, the highest since the beginning of the term; the service sector will increase by 9.5%; import tax, products minus product subsidies will increase by 5.29%.
Currently, Ninh Binh is an attractive destination with the World Cultural Heritage Site of Trang An. The economic scale is estimated at 98.9 trillion VND; GRDP per capita is 96 million VND. The economic structure is shifting towards increasing the proportion of the service sector, by the end of 2024 the proportion of the service sector will be 48.2%; industry-construction will be 41.7%; agriculture, forestry and fishery will be 10.1%.
Nam Dinh, the birthplace of the Tran Dynasty
According to the Nam Dinh Gazetteer, during the Hung King period, the land of Nam Dinh today belonged to Luc Hai department (one of the 15 departments of Van Lang country at that time). During the Ly dynasty, it belonged to Hoang Giang road. During the Tran dynasty, the land of Nam Dinh today belonged to two prefectures: Thien Truong and Kien Hung.
At the beginning of the Le Dynasty, the whole country was divided into 5 regions, the land of Nam Dinh today belonged to Nam Dao. During the reign of Le Thanh Tong, the whole country was divided into 12 regions, Nam Dinh today belonged to Son Nam region. During the reign of Hong Duc (1470-1497), it was changed to Son Nam region. At the beginning of the 16th century, it was called Son Nam town (Son Nam town corresponds to the southern provinces of the Northern Delta today).
A corner of Nam Dinh city (Nam Dinh province).
In the second year of Canh Hung (1741), Son Nam town was divided into two routes: Son Nam Thuong and Son Nam Ha. Son Nam Ha route included 5 prefectures: Tien Hung, Thai Binh, Kien Xuong (present-day Thai Binh province) and Thien Truong, Nghia Hung (present-day Nam Dinh province). During the Tay Son period, it was changed to Son Nam Ha town.
In 1822, Son Nam Ha town was changed to Nam Dinh town. From here, the place name Nam Dinh officially appeared, as a town-level administrative unit.
During the French colonial period, the Governor-General of Indochina separated Thai Binh and Kien Xuong prefectures of Nam Dinh province, along with Than Khe district of Hung Yen province, to establish Thai Binh province. From then on, the boundaries of Nam Dinh province were basically the same as they are today.
After the August Revolution, the administrative boundaries of Nam Dinh province changed significantly. On April 21, 1965, Ha Nam and Nam Dinh provinces were merged into a new administrative unit named Nam Ha province.
On December 27, 1975, Nam Ha and Ninh Binh provinces were merged into a new administrative unit named Ha Nam Ninh province. On December 26, 1991, Ha Nam Ninh province was divided into Nam Ha and Ninh Binh provinces. On November 6, 1996, Nam Ha province was divided into Nam Dinh and Ha Nam provinces.
Nam Dinh province's economy in 2024 will grow by 10.01% compared to 2023, in which the industrial and construction sectors will continue to play the role of economic growth drivers. The economic structure will shift towards reducing the proportion of agriculture, forestry and fishery; increasing the proportion of industry, construction and services.
Total product in the area in 2024 at 2010 comparative prices is estimated at 61,222 billion VND, an increase of 10.01% compared to 2023. Of which: agriculture, forestry and fishery sector increased by 2.83%; industry and construction sector increased by 14.27%; service sector increased by 8.56%.
The economic scale of Nam Dinh province in 2024 at current prices is estimated to reach 113,329 billion VND, an increase of 14.78% compared to 2023. GRDP per capita at current prices is 59.83 million VND/person, an increase of 14.35% over the previous year.
Ha Nam, the province with the highest per capita income
In 1831, under the reign of King Minh Mang, the Nguyen Dynasty carried out administrative reforms, establishing provinces instead of towns, and dividing the country into 29 provinces. According to this policy, the land of Ha Nam at that time was Ly Nhan district located in Ha Noi province.
On March 21, 1890, Liem Binh prefecture was established, including 3 districts Nam Xang, Binh Luc, Thanh Liem separated from Ly Nhan prefecture (Hanoi province) to belong to Nam Dinh province, the district headquarters was located in An Duong commune (Binh Luc district). Liem Binh prefecture did not exist for long when on October 20, 1890, Governor General of Indochina JG Piquet issued a Decree to establish the new province of Ha Nam. Ha Nam province was formed on the land and residents of Ly Nhan prefecture which was expanded further towards Hanoi (North) and Nam Dinh (South).
Phu Ly city, Ha Nam province. Photo: VGP.
That is, the name of Ha Nam province is something that needs to be investigated. Those interested have given three different explanations: One, Ha Nam: the land in the South; Two, Ha Nam: the name of the first two letters of Hanoi and Nam Dinh; Three, Ha Nam: the river area in the South, in other words, south of Hong Ha (Red River).
Going back in history, we see that from the Later Le Dynasty onwards, there was a mindset of taking the capital as the center to name (North, South, East, West). Basically, the 4 provinces adjacent to the capital on the 4 sides were considered the most important (internally governed), and the provinces outside those were externally governed.
During the reign of Le Thanh Tong, in the 7th year of Quang Thuan (1466), the whole country was divided into 12 Thua tuyen, of which 4 Thua tuyen surrounded the capital with elements indicating the direction compared to the capital: Kinh Bac (in the north), Son Nam (in the south), Son Tay (in the west), Hai Duong, formerly Hai Dong (in the east). During the Tay Son period, the administrative units remained the same as during the reign of Le Hien Tong, surrounding the capital were 4 towns: Kinh Bac, Son Tay, Hai Duong, Son Nam Thuong (including Ly Nhan prefecture). When abolishing towns to establish provinces, Minh Mang inherited the previous thinking, taking Hanoi as the center, in the 4 directions there were the provinces of Bac Ninh (North), Son Tay (West), Hai Duong, later replaced by Ha Dong (East) and Nam Dinh (South). Perhaps the place name Ha Nam is a manifestation of this thinking, and thus the name of Ha Nam province means the land south of Hanoi.
When established in 1890, Ha Nam consisted of 5 districts: Kim Bang, Duy Tien, Nam Xang (later changed to Ly Nhan), Thanh Liem, Binh Luc, the provincial capital was Phu Ly.
During the resistance war against the French, the three districts of Ý Yên, Vũ Bản, and Mỹ Lộc of Nam Định province belonged to Hà Nam province. When peace was restored, the three districts of Nam Định province were returned to their former province.
On December 27, 1971, the 5th National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 2nd session, decided to establish a number of new provinces, in which Nam Ha province was merged with Ninh Binh province to form Ha Nam Ninh province. Then 16 years later, on December 26, 1991, during the National Assembly session, it was decided to split Ha Nam Ninh province into two provinces, Nam Ha and Ninh Binh, as before.
After more than 32 years of merging with Nam Dinh and Ninh Binh provinces, Ha Nam was re-established with its birth name according to the Resolution of the National Assembly of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, 8th term, 10th session, on November 6, 1996, dividing Nam Ha province into 2 provinces Ha Nam and Nam Dinh.
In Ha Nam, the socio-economic situation has also achieved impressive results. Specifically: 16/16 main socio-economic targets, of which 8 targets exceeded the set plan. The gross regional domestic product (GRDP) of Ha Nam province in 2024 is estimated at 56,116.6 billion VND, an increase of 10.93% compared to 2023, the second highest in the Red River Delta region and the fourth highest nationwide. This is the third consecutive year that the locality has maintained a growth rate of over 10% and the highest in the past 5 years.
GRDP per capita in 2024 is estimated at 109.8 million VND, an increase of 12.5% compared to 2023. The economic structure in 2024 continues to shift towards increasing the proportion of industry - construction and reducing the proportion of agriculture and services.
Thus, the average income per capita of Ha Nam province is the highest among the three provinces of Ninh Binh, Ha Nam and Nam Dinh with 109.8 million VND/person/year.
Source: https://danviet.vn/ba-tinh-ninh-binh-nam-dinh-ha-nam-sap-nhap-tach-ra-luc-nao-hien-gio-tinh-nao-co-thu-nhap-cao-nhat-20250318100609046.htm
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