1. Who was the first woman to open a school, known as Lady Hong Ha?
- A
Doan Thi Diem
Mrs. Doan Thi Diem (1705 - 1749), pen name Hong Ha lady, from Giai Pham village, Van Giang district, Kinh Bac region (now Hung Yen province).
According to the book Doan Thi Thuc Luc, her original surname was Le, her grandfather was Le Cong Nam, a military officer of the Le Dynasty. It was not until her father Doan Thi Diem, Doan Doan Nghi, that he changed his surname to Doan. This surname change was said to be because Doan Nghi wanted to become a civil mandarin while the Le family was full of military mandarins.
Doan Thi Diem was the second child of Mr. Doan Doan Nghi. According to the book Hong Ha, female writer Doan Thi Diem, Ms. Diem had "beautiful appearance, dignified manners, cultured speech, and polite behavior". She followed her father and brother to study and write, so she soon became famous for her talent and beauty. - B
Ho Xuan Huong
- C
Mrs. Huyen Thanh Quan
- D
Nguyen Thi Lo
2. She was once recommended to be a concubine in which Lord's palace?
- A
Lord Nguyen
- B
Lord Trinh
In 1720, at the age of 16, Doan Thi Diem was adopted by Minister Le Anh Tuan. Seeing her intelligence, he intended to enter the palace of Lord Trinh, but she refused, so she returned with her brother and followed her father to a school in Lac Vien village, Yen Duong district, Kien An province (now part of Hai Phong city).
When she was 25 years old, her father passed away, and she and her brother's family moved to Vo Ngai village, Duong Hao district (now My Hao district, Hung Yen province). Not long after, her brother passed away (in 1735). Doan Thi Diem had to work as a herbalist taught by her brother and teach to earn money to support her mother and help her sister-in-law raise her grandchildren.
Although she refused to enter the Trinh Lord's palace, Doan Thi Diem also had time to enter the palace as a teacher, teaching the concubines. Later, when the country was in turmoil, she resigned and returned to live in Chuong Duong commune, Thuong Phuc district (now Thuong Tin) and continued to practice medicine.
3. She did something that was considered to be timeless, overcoming old prejudices against women?
- A
Neighboring country trade
- B
Submit a petition to the king
- C
Dressing as a man to take the exam
- D
Open school
At the age of 35, although her medicine profession was enough to support her family, she thought: "Looking through the stories of women and girls in the past, I see that there are many talented ones, but I have never seen one who taught students to pass exams."
In the book Hong Ha, female writer Doan Thi Diem wrote: "Under feudalism, even though they were talented and knowledgeable, women were still not allowed to leave the house, not allowed to take exams, and not allowed to be teachers."
Taking advantage of the turbulent times, Doan Thi Diem believed she was qualified enough to go beyond the norm, so she opened a school at home, both dispensing medicine and preaching the teachings of the sages (before she had only taught to help her father and brother). Her reputation won people's hearts. Children from near and far eagerly went to Ba Diem's school.
Among her young students, many later became successful, such as Dao Duy Doan, from Chuong Duong commune, who passed the doctoral exam in 1763. In the history of Vietnamese education, it seems that in the Middle Ages, Doan Thi Diem was the only woman who opened a school and became a famous teacher.
4. What is your husband's name?
- A
Not married
- B
Nhu Dinh Toan
- C
Nguyen Kieu
Mrs. Doan Thi Diem was both talented and beautiful, so many people came to propose to her, including noblemen, such as two people who had passed the doctoral exams, Nhu Dinh Toan and Nguyen Cong Thai. However, she refused them all.
At the age of 37, when she no longer thought about marriage and wanted to stay single for the rest of her life, she surprised many people by deciding to marry Nguyen Kieu, a famous doctor of letters who was a widower. The reason she accepted was partly because she felt sorry for Nguyen Kieu's situation, partly because her mother accepted and many of her students approved of this marriage.
Marrying Nguyen Kieu, Doan Thi Diem experienced happy days, the couple was in harmony, often singing and painting together. However, less than a month after their wedding, Nguyen Kieu had to go to China as an ambassador for three years.
Having to endure separation, Mrs. Doan Thi Diem sadly missed her husband in a foreign land. Many researchers confirm that during the time away from her husband, she translated the Chinese poem collection Chinh Phu Ngam by the famous scholar Dang Tran Con into the national language. - D
Nguyen Cong Thai
5. What famous book did Ms. Doan Thi Diem write?
- A
New genealogy
The Legend of the New Genealogy (a book of strange stories) is a work in Chinese characters consisting of many stories.
According to Doan Thi Thuc Luc, Truyen Ky Tan Pha has five stories: Hai Khau Linh Tu (Sacred Temple at the Sea Gate), Van Cat Than Nu (Story of the Goddess in Van Cat), An Ap Liet Nu (Story of the Heroic Woman in An Ap Village), Yen Anh Dialogue (Dialogue between Yen and Anh), and Mai Huyen.
According to Phan Huy Chu's Chronicle of the Dynasties, the New Genealogy of Legends includes six stories: Goddess of Van Cat, Heroic Women of An Ap, Strange Encounter with Bich Cau, Fairy Tale of Hoang Son, Mai Huyen, and Righteous Dog and Cat.
In addition to the national language version of Chinh phu ngam and Truyen ky tan pha, Doan Thi Diem also composed many poems. According to Doan thi thuc luc: “Before getting married, she and her father and brother composed poems. While leisurely reciting beautiful poems with beautiful lines, there were dozens and hundreds of them; only the house of the mandarin of Tieu Dien village, Nguyen Nghiem, had the most complete collection of these posthumous works.”
After returning to her husband's house, she composed poems and essays with her husband and together they compiled them into a collection. That is not to mention the many essays she wrote for exam preparation during her time as a teacher. The aforementioned poems and essays have not been found to this day. - B
Legendary Romance
- C
Legend of the Grand Treasurer
- D
Legend of the Sixteenth
6. How old was Mrs. Doan Thi Diem when she passed away?
- A
42
- B
43
After Nguyen Kieu returned to the country in 1748, he was appointed to work as Tham Thi in Nghe An town. Doan Thi Diem had to follow her husband. On the way, she caught a serious cold, and despite treatment, she did not survive. She died in Nghe An at the age of 43.
Feeling sorry for his wife, Nguyen Kieu wrote a funeral oration praising her talent and virtue. Among them was the line: “The peach has not yet borne fruit, but has already withered/ The cinnamon has just fallen while it is still fragrant/ The forest is deep, the sea is vast. Where have you gone? The jade is broken, the pearl is sunk, my heart aches with longing.”
Today, many provinces and cities name schools and streets after her in memory. - C
44
- D
45
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