The idea of artificial intelligence dates back thousands of years, and has now created an automation revolution in every field.
AI (Artificial Intelligence) is programmed intelligence with the goal of helping computers automate behaviors, simulating human intelligence: knowing how to think and reason to solve problems, knowing how to communicate by understanding language and speech, knowing how to learn and adapt...
The first bricks
Artificial intelligence began when ancient philosophers considered questions about life and death. At this time, inventors created a number of "automatons" that were mechanical and moved independently of human intervention. "Automata" comes from the ancient Greek word meaning: to act of one's own will.
One of the earliest records of this type of machine dates back to 400 BC, mentioning a mechanical dove created by a friend of the philosopher Plato. Many years later, one of the most famous automata was created by Leonardo da Vinci around 1495.
By the early 1900s, the media was exploring the idea of artificial humans. So much so that scientists began to ask: was it possible to create an artificial brain? Some innovators even created versions of today’s robots, but they were all relatively simple. Most were powered by steam, some could make facial expressions, and some could even walk.
In 1929, Professor Makoto Nishimura (Japanese) built Japan's first robot, named Gakutensoku. In 1949, computer scientist Edmund Callis Berkley published the book Giant Brains or Thinking Machines comparing computer models with the human brain.
AI is born
The year 1950 became an important milestone, opening the door for scientists to advance into the field of artificial intelligence. At this time, Alan Turing published his work Computing Machinery and Computer Intelligence , which proposed a "Turing Test" that experts used to measure the intelligence of computers.
By 1952, computer scientist Samuel had developed a program to play checkers—the first program to learn the game independently. Three years later, John McCarthy held a conference at Dartmouth and coined the term “artificial intelligence.” From then on, the term stuck.
A decade later, scientists and artists alike got creative with AI. In 1958, John McCarthy created LISP, the first programming language for AI research, which is still widely used today. A year later, Arthur Samuel coined the term “machine learning” when he gave a talk about teaching machines to play chess better than humans.
By 1961, the first industrial robot, Unimate, began working on the assembly line at General Motors in New Jersey. It was tasked with moving molds and welding parts on cars (which were considered too dangerous for humans). In 1965, Edward Feigenbaum and Joshua Lederberg created the first “expert system” – a form of AI programmed to replicate human thinking and decision-making.
The first chatterbot (later shortened to chatbot) - ELIZA was created in 1966. It was described as a simulated psychotherapist, using natural language processing (NLP) to converse with humans. ELIZA worked by recognizing key words or phrases in the input and giving pre-programmed responses. For example, if a person said "My mother is a good cook". ELIZA would pick up the word "mother" and respond by asking an open-ended question to keep the conversation going: "Tell me more about your family".
Two years later, Soviet mathematician Alexey Ivakhnenko published his method of processing data in groups – a new approach to AI, now known as Deep Learning. The 1970s brought many innovations, such as the first humanoid robot built in Japan, the first example of an autonomous vehicle built by an engineering graduate.
However, this is also the first AI Winter, research is facing difficulties when funding from the British and American governments is cut, the reason is that the results are not as impressive as the scientists promised.
After the first winter, AI went through another lull in 1987-1993. Both private investors and some governments lost interest in the technology, machines failed, and some projects were “killed.” Notably, in 1987, the LISP-based hardware market collapsed due to cheaper and more accessible competitors.
Perfect and Explode
Through the crisis, scientists gradually perfected artificial intelligence, bringing leaps and bounds in business and life.
The Standford Cart debuted in 1961, becoming one of the first examples of a self-propelled vehicle. It had four wheels with an electric motor powered by a car battery, connected to a dashboard with a display and buttons for direction and speed.
In 1977, scientists created a slider (mechanical swivel) that moved the camera from side to side without moving the cart, allowing multiple views to be captured. This allowed the cart to use its multi-dimensional vision to decelerate around obstacles. Its operating principle was to move one meter and stop for 10-15 minutes to process the images and plan a route.
By 1979, it was autonomously traversing a room full of chairs without human intervention in five hours.
Also in 1979, the American Association for Artificial Intelligence was founded, now known as the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI). From here, the technology entered a period of rapid growth, which experts call the "AI boom". Deep Learning techniques and the use of Expert Systems became more popular, both of which allow computers to learn from their mistakes and make independent decisions.
In 1980, XCON - the first automated program was put into commercial operation. It was designed to support computer ordering systems by automatically selecting components based on customer requirements. In Japan, in 1981, the government allocated $850 million (over $2 billion today) for the Fifth Generation Computer project. Their goal was to create computers that could translate, converse, and reason at a human level.
In 1985, the automatic drawing program AARON was demonstrated at the AAAI conference. A year later, Ernst Dickmann and his team demonstrated the first driverless car. It could travel at 55 miles per hour on unobstructed roads. In 1987, Alacrity, the first strategic management consulting system, was introduced. It used over 3,000 complex rules. Next, the chatbot Jabberwacky was introduced in 1988, providing interesting and entertaining conversations to users.
A notable milestone was set in 1997, when the Deep Blue software (developed by IBM) defeated world chess champion - Gary Kasparov.
Sports History Weekly describes how, on May 11, 1997, 34-year-old Gary Kasparov stormed out of a chess tournament, writhing in rage and shaking in disbelief. It didn’t matter that the reigning world chess champion had lost his first match, it mattered more that he had been overthrown by a cold, soulless machine.
"A turning point in the history of chess and the technological development of mankind, for the first time a computer defeated the world champion in a match organized under the rules of an official tournament," the site wrote.
Before that, the first match between Kasparov and Deep Blue took place in February 1996. Kasparov won the match after losing one game, drawing two and winning three. After the loss, Deep Blue was retrained for a year and won the rematch in 1997.
In 2000, the first robot appeared that could simulate human emotions through facial expressions, including eyes, eyebrows, ears, and mouth. It was called Kismet. Next, in 2002, the Roomba automatic vacuum cleaner was released in a small form. This brand is maintained to this day with tens of millions of models sold, programmed to automatically clean hard floors and carpets without human intervention.
The application of AI gradually became stronger in 2003, NASA landed two rovers on Mars (Spirit and Opportunity), which could move and navigate on the planet's surface without human intervention. The Opportunity model alone operated for nearly 15 years, running a record 45 km.
In 2006, companies like Twitter, Facebook, and Netflix began using AI as part of their advertising algorithms and user experience (UX). In 2010, Microsoft launched the Xbox 360 Kinect, the first gaming hardware designed to track body movements and translate them into gameplay. The rise of artificial intelligence began in 2011, when a computer programmed to answer questions called Watson (created by IBM) won the TV game show Jeopardy against two human champions. Around the same time, Apple released Siri, the first voice-activated virtual assistant, on the iPhone 4.
Further advances were made in 2012, when two researchers from Google trained a neural network to recognize cats. In 2016, Hanson Robotics created a humanoid robot called Sophia, dubbed the first “cyborg citizen,” with a humanoid appearance and the ability to see, emote, and communicate. Two years later, a Chinese tech team developed software that beat human intelligence on a Stanford reading comprehension test.
In 2019, Google's AlphaStar software achieved Grandmaster in the video game StarCraft 2. This is an extremely difficult level, achieved by only 0.2% of players. Compared to AlphaGo (released in 2015), the new generation of AI is superior in that it can perform more than 300 actions at a time, including moving characters, selecting items... In addition, the game StarCraft has a non-linear gameplay, so when competing, AlphaStar needs to build goals, consider the impact of each action on the ability to win the entire game.
OpenAI began beta testing GPT-3, a model that uses deep learning to generate code, poetry, and other language and writing tasks, in 2020. While it wasn’t the first of its kind, it was the first to generate content that was nearly indistinguishable from machine-generated or human-generated. In 2021, OpenAI developed DALL-E, which can process and understand images to generate accurate captions, bringing AI one step closer to understanding the visual world.
In November 2022, ChatGPT was released for testing, creating an explosion in the technology market as well as for individual and business users. ChatGPT is built on the advanced AI model GPT-3.5, which helps respond naturally and is evaluated as a real person. This super AI has reached one million users after only 5 days of launch. The project website crashed 40 minutes after it appeared due to overload. On May 18, OpenAI put ChatGPT on the App Store and was only available to users in the US in the first week. According to data from Data.ai, this chatbot exceeded half a million downloads after 6 days.
A study by the US consulting firm EBDI said that the GDP of five Southeast Asian countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines) could increase by $1,000 billion if AI is fully invested in and well implemented.
AI in Vietnam
In 2021, the Vietnamese Government issued the National Strategy on AI to 2030, with the goal of gradually turning Vietnam into an innovation center; AI is in the Top 4 of the ASEAN region and the Top 50 in the world. After one year of implementation, Vietnam ranked 62nd out of 160 countries ranked in the world, up 14 places compared to 2020, according to the report "Government AI Readiness Index" conducted by Oxford Insights in collaboration with the Canadian International Development Research Center.
But it was not until the issuance of the AI Strategy that Vietnamese enterprises began to develop this field. Mr. Vu Anh Tu, CTO of FPT Corporation, said that AI was identified as a key technology and researched and developed since 2013.
In addition to infrastructure, data and research, human resources are heavily invested. FPT has gathered 500 experts, 50 AI PhDs and Masters and continues to recruit talents in this field. Up to now, the unit has formed a diverse ecosystem of products, solutions and platforms to help businesses optimize operations, solve many social problems, and serve more than 14 million terminal users. Industry giants such as VNPT, Viettel, Vingroup... have also invested heavily in researching new technologies and developing AI over the years.
At AI4VN 2022, Mr. Le Hong Viet, General Director of FPT Smart Cloud, cited IBM data showing that 35% of businesses reported that AI helped increase revenue by at least 5%. In addition to data analyzed by computers, AI helps improve customer experience, supporting businesses to understand customers.
Mr. Hoang Ngoc Duong, Deputy Director of Viettel Cyberspace Center, commented that AI is now entering every corner and very small area such as automation, household appliances... helping to bring in large revenue, optimize costs for businesses and improve customer experience.
In that context, since 2018, the Vietnam Artificial Intelligence Day (AI4VN) has been organized to promote research, innovation and application of AI; contribute to solving challenges in socio-economic development, help Vietnamese enterprises apply new technologies, and improve competitiveness. The program is directed by the Ministry of Science and Technology and organized annually by VnExpress newspaper.
This is an opportunity to exchange and share experiences, propose initiatives and recommendations to build and develop the AI community and ecosystem, "gradually turning Vietnam into a bright spot in research, development and application of artificial intelligence in the region and the world", Minister of Science and Technology Huynh Thanh Dat said at AI4VN 2022. The event attracted more than 2,000 attendees, more than 50 speakers, experts, and leaders of domestic and foreign corporations.
This year, the festival continues to be held with the theme "Power for Life"; taking place over two days, September 21-22 in Ho Chi Minh City. The AI4VN 2023 program will include four main activities: AI Summit, CTO Summit 2023, AI Workshop, AI Expo, and satellite activities.
Grassland (According to Tableau, Infolab, Stanford, AAAI )
Vietnam Artificial Intelligence Day (AI4VN 2023) is directed by the Ministry of Science and Technology, organized by VnExpress newspaper in collaboration with the Faculty - Institute - School of Information and Communication Technology Club (FISU) on September 21-22 in Ho Chi Minh City. This year's event has many activities such as: AI workshop; AI Summit 2023; CTO Summit 2023 - honoring companies with the best technology environment; AI Concert music night. Throughout the two days of the event, there is an AI Expo exhibition with AI Show and recruitment booth. |
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