Modest investment but high learning outcomes?

The Ministry of Education and Training has just published an analysis by its Department of Quality Management on the results of the 2022 PISA survey of Vietnamese students.

Accordingly, on December 5, 2023, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) announced the results of the 2022 PISA Vietnam survey. These results were publicly announced by OECD from a survey on mathematics, reading or science of 6,068 students in 178 schools, representing approximately 939,500 15-year-old students in Vietnam.

The PISA index of socio-economic conditions is calculated so that all students taking the test, regardless of which country they live in, can be placed on the same socio-economic scale.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DOCUMENT PHOTOGRAPHY

Vietnam has the highest math score according to the index of socio-economic conditions.

The Ministry of Education and Training said that Vietnamese students have math scores in the highest group based on the index of socio-economic conditions.

Specifically, the average score of 3 subjects of Vietnamese students ranked 34/81 countries, 2nd in ASEAN after Singapore. The order of ASEAN countries is as follows: Singapore: 1/81; Brunei: 42/81; Malaysia: 47/81; Thailand: 63/81; Indonesia: 69/81; Philippines: 77/81; Cambodia: 81/81.

For Math: Vietnam ranked 31/81 countries (the order of ASEAN countries is as follows: Singapore: 1/81; Brunei: 40/81, Malaysia: 40/81; Thailand: 58/81; Indonesia: 69/81; Philippines: 75/81; Cambodia: 81/81). Science: Vietnam ranked 35/81 countries. Reading: Vietnamese students ranked 34/81 countries.

Vietnamese students have the highest math scores after Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South Korea when calculated according to the PISA index of socio-economic conditions.

The PISA index of socio-economic and cultural status is calculated so that all students who take the PISA test, regardless of where they live, can be placed on the same socio-economic scale. This means that the index can be used to compare the learning outcomes of students from similar socio-economic backgrounds in different countries.

Comparison countries include the six highest performing countries in each subject and the five countries with the largest number of 15-year-olds.

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DOCUMENT PHOTOGRAPHY

Vietnam's spending per student is about 13,800 USD.

The Ministry of Education and Training said: "The overall results show that higher spending on education is associated with higher results in PISA mathematics. However, Vietnam is a typical example of students achieving high learning results when investment in education is still modest."

Vietnam's spending per student from 6 to 15 years old is only about 13,800 USD while OECD countries/economies spend 75,000 USD, but the average math score of Vietnamese students is 438 points - one of the highest for students with similar socio-economic backgrounds.

About 13% of disadvantaged students in Vietnam achieve high scores in math (OECD average: 10%).

When taking the PISA 2022 test, 94% of 15-year-old students in Vietnam were enrolled in grade 10. 97% of students reported having attended preschool for one year or more (OECD average: 94%).

On average across OECD countries, students who attended preschool for one year or more scored higher in mathematics at age 15 than students who had never attended or had attended for less than one year, even after accounting for socioeconomic indicators.

The PISA 2022 survey focuses on mathematics in addition to reading and science. Creative thinking is a new assessment area and Vietnamese students were not assessed in this content. As a result, Vietnamese students scored close to the OECD average in mathematics, reading and science.

According to the OECD, in Vietnam, 72% of students achieve at least Level 2 in mathematics (OECD average: 69%). About 5% of students in Vietnam are top performers in mathematics, meaning they achieve Level 5 or 6 in the PISA mathematics test (OECD average: 9%).

About 77% of students in Vietnam achieve reading level 2 or higher (OECD average: 74%). 1% of students achieve high achievement, scoring 5 or higher in reading (OECD average: 7%).

About 79% of students in Vietnam achieve level 2 or above in science (OECD average: 76%); 2% of students achieve high levels in science, meaning they are proficient at level 5 or 6 (OECD average: 7%).

The Ministry of Education and Training believes that, from the survey results published by OECD above, by comparing the results internationally, policy makers and educators in Vietnam can learn from the policies and practices of other countries.

The gap between the highest and lowest results is equal to 2.5 years of study?

However, the analysis just published by the Ministry of Education and Training did not mention the fact that since Vietnam participated in the PISA rankings in 2012, this ranking result is the lowest, downgraded in all areas.

Previously, when initially commenting on the PISA 2022 results, Professor Le Anh Vinh, Director of the Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences, said that if we analyze the score groups, we will see that in the group of 25% with the highest results and the group of 25% with the lowest results in Vietnam, the score gap is about 78 points.

This score, according to Professor Anh Vinh, is equivalent to about 2 and a half years of study. Notably, this gap is higher than the gap in the first year we participated in PISA (that year the gap was more than 60 points), but still low compared to the OECD average of more than 90 points (a gap of about 3 years of study).

Professor Vinh emphasized: "This gap in scores is a huge gap between students with the best learning conditions and those with the most difficulties. The difference between the children can be about 3 years of schooling and we certainly have to do a lot to be able to narrow this gap."

The Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) measures the knowledge and skills of 15-year-old students in mathematics, reading and science. PISA tests explore how well students can solve complex problems, think critically and communicate effectively.

The Ministry of Education and Training said that since Vietnam first participated in PISA in 2012, it has achieved many important results, compared internationally and regionally, and provided national educational analysis data.

The PISA test was originally scheduled to take place in 2021 but was delayed by a year due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Exceptional circumstances during this time, including school closures in many countries, made it difficult to collect some data.

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