COMMON DISEASES IN CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OLD
According to the Ministry of Health, in the first 5 months of this year, the Northern region recorded 1,502 cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD); there were no deaths. In Hanoi alone, in the first 5 months of the year, 588 cases were recorded, an increase compared to the same period in 2022. The infectious disease surveillance system recorded that from the beginning of 2023 to now, the whole country has had nearly 9,000 cases of HFMD, of which 3 patients died.
5 measures to prevent hand, foot and mouth disease
The number of HFMD cases has been increasing rapidly in recent weeks, and the emergence of Enterovirus (EV71) which can cause severe illness in some cases has been recorded.
HFMD is caused by an intestinal virus, an infectious disease that is transmitted from person to person and can easily become an epidemic. The two common causative agents are Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus (EV71). The main symptoms of HFMD are skin lesions, blisters on the oral mucosa, palms, soles, buttocks, knees, etc.
Hand-foot-mouth disease is transmitted mainly through the digestive tract. The main source of infection is saliva, blisters and feces of infected children. Hand-foot-mouth disease occurs sporadically throughout the year in most localities. In the southern provinces, hand-foot-mouth disease cases tend to increase at two times: from March to May and from September to December every year.
The disease can occur at any age but is common in children under 5 years old, especially in the group under 3 years old. Collective living environments such as nurseries, kindergartens, playgrounds, etc. are risk factors for disease transmission.
3 signs that you need to go to the hospital
According to the National Children's Hospital (Hanoi), there are 3 signs that families need to pay attention to when taking children with TCM to the hospital: high fever that does not respond to treatment, fever above 38.5 degrees Celsius continuously for more than 48 hours and paracetamol is ineffective; the child is startled a lot; the child cries persistently.
When seeing children with TCM, parents need to take their children to see a doctor early to determine the severity of the disease and get the most appropriate treatment.
To prevent disease, children need to wash their hands regularly with soap, eat hygienically, and regularly clean surfaces and tools that come into daily contact...
According to the Ministry of Health, TCM can cause neurological complications such as encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, encephalomyelitis, meningitis, with symptoms such as drowsiness, restlessness, dizziness, staggering, limb tremors, eye misalignment, weakness, limb paralysis, convulsions, coma. These are serious signs, often accompanied by respiratory and circulatory failure... Severe complications are often caused by EV71.
There are 4 levels of severity when suffering from TCM. Level 1: Children have mouth ulcers and/or skin lesions; care and monitoring at home. Level 2: includes 2a (signs: startled less than 2 times/30 minutes and not recorded during examination; fever for more than 2 days or fever above 39 degrees Celsius, vomiting, lethargy, difficulty sleeping, crying for no reason) and 2b (signs: startled, lethargy, rapid pulse; high fever from 39 degrees Celsius not responding to antipyretics; tremors in limbs, body tremors, unsteady sitting, staggering, strabismus; limb weakness or paralysis; cranial nerve palsy (choking, voice change...). Patients with TCM level 2 need inpatient treatment at district or provincial hospitals.
Level 3: Patients need to be hospitalized at a provincial or district hospital if conditions are met. These cases have the following signs: rapid pulse over 170 times/minute (when the child is lying still, no fever); some cases may have a slow pulse (very serious sign); sweating, cold all over the body or in a localized area; increased blood pressure; rapid breathing, abnormal breathing (apnea, abdominal breathing, shallow breathing, chest retraction, wheezing, stridor); impaired perception... Level 4: Children need to be hospitalized at a central hospital, or a provincial or district hospital if conditions are met. Patients have one of the following signs: shock; acute pulmonary edema; cyanosis, SpO 2 below 92%; apnea, hiccups.
Source link
Comment (0)