Tricky Words: Poetry

The character " shi " (诗) first appeared in works of the Warring States period. The original meaning of "shi" is "rhymed words expressing thoughts and feelings" ( Guoyu.Luoyu ). Later, this character referred to the poet (poet) - Yuanshi. The Outer Heavens by Ye Jie of the Qing Dynasty.

Poetry is also considered a metaphor for what is beautiful, interesting or evokes strong emotions in people ( Fish Dressing in the River by Liu Yuxi of the Tang Dynasty).

As a verb, poetry means "to compose poetry" ( Luoyang Jialan Ji by Yang Huanzhi of the Wei Dynasty); or "to record" ( Liu Tong Jun Bi by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty); "to maintain" ( Rituals. Special Provisions for the Realm of the Rites ) or "to continue, to inherit" ( Khon Hoc Ky Van. Binh Thi by Wang Ying Lin of the Southern Song Dynasty).

In addition, the word "thi" also means the Book of Poetry ( Mencius. King Liang Hui , above) or the Thi family ( The Genealogy of All Kinds of Ling Di Zhi of the Ming Dynasty).

Ca (歌) is a character that first appeared in bronze stele inscriptions of the Spring and Autumn period, and was later often found in documents of the Western Zhou period.

Ca means "to sing" ( Chu Dich. Trung Phu ); "to play music" ( Le Ky. Dan Cung , Ha); or "to compose a song" ( Thi Kinh. Tran Phong. Mo Mon ), as in Nguyen Du's poem: "The woodcutter 's song and the buffalo herder's song pass through the evening shadows."

Song is also a term referring to works of music set to poetry ( Shun Shu, Shun Dian ), or an ancient, rhymed, chantable poetic genre ( Van the minh tu bien thuyet. Nhac phu ), such as the ancient poem Truong Han Ca by Bai Cu Di, which tells about the love between Duong Huyen Tong and Duong Quy Phi.

In the Seventh Year of Success (Zuo Zhuan) , ca means "to praise, to glorify", for example: "The nine virtues can all be praised" ( The nine virtues can all be sung ).

In ancient literature, ca is used similarly to ca (哥), meaning "older brother" ( Thuấn tử biến ) or "father" ( Dunhuang biễn tập. Câu đạo hương bản ).

There are many ways to define "poetry", such as: " Thi ngon chi, ca vinh ngon " ( Poetry expresses will, ca expresses eternal words); or " Thi so di hiep y, ca so di vinh thi da " ( Poetry is used to express emotions, and ca is used to express poetry) - National language. Lu language .

Regarding compound words, it is important to pay attention to the meanings of the following words: thi thoai (poetry commentary book, novel mixed with poetry); van thi (rhymed poem); thi phu (poetry and verse); thi cach (rules of poetry); thi nan (poetry bag); van thi (touching poem, memorial poem, often read at funerals); thi thien ... touching poem, often read at funerals); thi thien (touching poem) has nothing to do with Heaven or the Jade Emperor, it simply means "poem" or "verse"; thi tien (poem ) is a word used to praise an excellent poet, such as Li Bai.

In the inverted case, the term ca thi means "to recite poetry"; the pair has poetry but no poetry . For example: phật thi (looking at the teeth of animals, evaluating the color of their fur, their legs).

Regarding Nom script, the ancients borrowed the traditional Chinese character for " poetry " (詩) to talk about "poetry": " Intelligence is a natural trait. Mixing poetry and painting with all the flavors of singing and reciting " ( The Tale of Kieu ) or talking about exams: " It happened that an examination was held. Van Tien came to thank his teacher and asked to leave " ( Luc Van Tien Ca Dien ).

Source: https://thanhnien.vn/lat-leo-chu-nghia-thi-ca-185250328222757341.htm