Select water source
According to the forecast of the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting, in 2023, due to the influence of the El Nino phenomenon, heat waves, droughts, and serious water shortages have begun to appear in many localities across the country.
According to the Ministry of Health's instructions, to ensure clean water, families can disinfect source water using simple measures. These measures apply to households that do not have access to clean water or in emergency situations (such as floods, droughts) where there is no clean water to use.
Families can clean source water with some simple measures according to the instructions of the Ministry of Health.
Water treatment aims to prevent waterborne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, etc.
According to the Ministry of Health, first of all, it is necessary to choose a well water source or a drilled well water source for treatment. In case there is no underground water source, it is necessary to use water from ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and canals. It is necessary to choose the places with the least possibility of pollution, trying to get water as far from the shore as possible.
Made in water
There are many ways to do this in water, the simplest is to use alum or filter with a clean cloth.
To clarify with alum, you can use alum at a dose of 1 gram of alum (equivalent to a piece about half a finger joint) for 20 liters of water. Scoop a ladle of water, dissolve the amount of alum equivalent to the volume of water to be clarified, put it in a water container and stir well, wait about 30 minutes for the sediment to settle to the bottom, then decant the clear water.
If you don't have alum, you can use a clean cotton cloth to filter the water, keeping the dirt, do this several times until the water is clear, change the cloth when you see a lot of dirt.
Note, in case of having to use surface water that is too turbid or has a lot of silt, it is necessary to filter out some of the silt with layers of gauze before clarifying the water.
Water disinfection
Once the water has been clarified, it needs to be disinfected with chemicals or boiled.
If you use chemicals to disinfect water, use Cloramin B, which is packaged in tablet form. Currently, the most popular are Cloramin B 0.25g tablets or Aquatabs 67mg tablets for disinfecting water in jars, pots, vats, buckets, basins or small tanks. One Cloramin B 0.25g tablet can disinfect 25 liters of clear water, one Aquatabs 67mg tablet can disinfect 20 liters of clear water.
For water sources used by collectives or many households, disinfection with chemical powder (usually Cloramin B type 27% active chlorine, Lime Chloride) must be conducted under the direction and guidance of medical staff.
For 0.25g Cloramin B tablets, add 1 0.25g Cloramin B tablet to a 25 liter tank of clarified water, stir well, cover, wait 30 minutes and it can be used as domestic water.
Aquatabs 67mg tablet: put 1 Aquatabs 67mg tablet into a 20 liter container of clarified water, stir well, cover and wait 30 minutes before use.
Powdered chemical disinfection is commonly used to disinfect large volumes of water. The amount of powder required is calculated based on the required concentration of 10 mg of active Chloramine per liter of water.
The Ministry of Health notes that disinfected water can be used for domestic purposes. However, this water must still be boiled before drinking.
Do not disinfect at the same time as alum because alum reduces the disinfecting effect of chlorine. Only after disinfection can you smell chlorine will the disinfection be effective.
If you accidentally add too much chlorine, open the lid and wait another half hour or an hour for the smell to subside before using.
Disinfecting water with powdered chemicals must be done under the guidance of qualified medical staff. Before disinfecting, check the expiration date of the chemicals. Use chemicals that are still within their expiration date to ensure the dosage and effectiveness of disinfection.
Boil water
Only use water for drinking directly after boiling. Boiled water should not be left for too long, so you should boil new water every day to drink.
In the absence of chemical disinfectants, only drink thoroughly boiled water and do not eat raw vegetables washed with unsterilized water.
Use water filters
In addition to the above water treatment measures, households can use additional filtration equipment to treat water. The water filtration efficiency of the equipment depends on the quality of the input water, filtration technology, condition and quality of the filtration equipment, time of use, etc. Currently, there are many types of water filtration equipment from many manufacturers with different types of technology. It is recommended to use equipment that has been inspected by competent authorities, and at the same time follow the manufacturer's instructions to ensure effective water filtration.
Note, the input water of the filter equipment must be made clear, do not use surface water directly from ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, canals, etc. to avoid clogging the filter equipment.
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