1.2cm long fish makes sound as loud as an airplane

A small fish that lives in shallow waters in Myanmar has impressed scientists with its ability to produce sounds up to 140 decibels.

12mm long fish makes sound as loud as an airplane — The fish Danionella cerebrum makes loud sounds using its swim bladder and other organs. Video: *NewScientist*

Danionella cerebrum , a small fish with a body length of no more than 12 mm, produces sounds of up to more than 140 decibels, IFL Science reported on February 28. Meanwhile, a sound of 150 decibels can be strong enough to rupture the eardrum. The loudest sound ever recorded on Earth was the eruption of the Krakatoa volcano, which reached 172 decibels at a distance of up to 160 km. The new study was published in the journal PNAS.

"This tiny fish can produce sounds above 140 decibels at a distance of 10-12 mm, which is comparable to the noise a human would hear when an airplane takes off at a distance of 100 m and is very unusual for such a small animal," said Dr Ralf Britz at the Senckenberg Natural History Collection Museum.

To find out how they make their loud sounds, the team used high-speed video combined with gene expression and found that males possess a unique set of sound-producing elements including specialized ribs, “drumming” cartilage, and strong, fatigue-resistant muscles.

The team discovered that the sound is produced by vibrations in the swim bladder, in which muscles contract and cause structures to hit the swim bladder. Unlike other fish that use a similar method to produce sound, Danionella cerebrum is able to use repetitive muscle contractions on one side of its body. This mechanism has not been documented in any other fish.

The fish has a transparent body and makes super loud sounds. Photo: Senckenberg/Britz — The fish has a transparent body and makes super loud sounds. Photo: *Senckenberg/Britz*

Danionella cerebrum has two vocal muscles containing drumming cartilages. Contraction of the muscles moves the ribs. This causes the cartilages to pull back, creating tension. When released, the cartilages hit the bladders, making a loud noise.

In the wild, Danionella cerebrum lives in shallow waters in Myanmar, which are often opaque, making it difficult to see other fish around them. Therefore, the team believes that they have developed this method of communication. They are also of interest in the field of biomedical research because of their transparent bodies.

Thu Thao (According to IFL Science )

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