Clarifying the reasons why measles cases are increasing

Hanoi Center for Disease Control (CDC) clarified the reason why the number of measles cases in the area continues to increase.

Medical news November 19: Clarifying the reason why the number of measles cases is increasing

Hanoi Center for Disease Control (CDC) clarified the reason why the number of measles cases in the area continues to increase.

Hanoi seeks cause of measles outbreak

From the beginning of 2024 until now, the number of measles cases in Hanoi is 87, in 23 districts, with no deaths.

During the week alone (from November 9 to November 15), 25 new measles cases were recorded, of which 20 cases had not been vaccinated against measles and 5 cases had not been fully vaccinated.

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Hanoi CDC said the number of measles cases is on the rise. Patients are reported sporadically across the area, mainly in people who have not been vaccinated or have not been fully vaccinated. It is forecasted that new measles cases may continue to be recorded in the near future.

Hanoi CDC has requested district, town and city health centers to strengthen surveillance activities for suspected measles rash fever, conduct epidemiological investigations, collect samples for testing of 100% of suspected cases, organize zoning, and thoroughly handle areas with patients and outbreaks according to regulations.

At the same time, closely monitor and promptly detect patients with infectious diseases in the community and decentralized medical examination and treatment facilities to grasp the epidemic situation, investigate and promptly handle cases and outbreaks.

To proactively prevent the spread and outbreak of measles, from October 14, the city launched a measles vaccination campaign for children from 1 to 5 years old and organized catch-up vaccinations for cases of delayed vaccination until November 15, 2024.

Deputy Director of the Hanoi Department of Health Vu Cao Cuong said that the campaign's goal is that over 95% of children from 1 to 5 years old living and studying in the capital who have not been fully vaccinated with measles-containing vaccines as prescribed will be vaccinated with 1 dose of measles-rubella (MR) vaccine.

Along with the vaccination campaign, the Hanoi Department of Health also directed relevant units to strengthen surveillance and early detection of measles cases in the community and medical examination and treatment facilities.

In addition, units deploy measures to thoroughly handle the outbreak as soon as the first case is detected to minimize the risk of spreading and outbreaks of measles in the coming time.

Save patients with gastrointestinal bleeding

A 76-year-old male patient had massive bloody stools. The doctor diagnosed extensive gastrointestinal bleeding due to ulcerative colitis. Hemospray powder was sprayed endoscopically to help stop the bleeding quickly.

According to Dr. Tran Thanh Binh, Center for Endoscopy and Endoscopic Surgery of Digestive System, Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Hemospray powder spray endoscopy (an inorganic powder) helps stop bleeding, increases platelet concentration and activates clotting factors, promoting the formation of blood clots.

The patient suffered from extensive gastrointestinal bleeding that could not be stopped by conventional methods. “Powder spray endoscopy is the safest way to stop bleeding for the patient at this time,” said Dr. Binh, explaining that it does not require direct contact with the bleeding points, does not cause further tissue damage, and prevents the condition from getting worse.

Previously, the patient had had ulcerative colitis but did not receive treatment. A week before being admitted to the hospital, he had a stroke due to complications of atrial fibrillation and arrhythmia, and was given emergency treatment and anticoagulants. This time, he had massive bloody stools. At the time of emergency treatment at Tam Anh General Hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, he had severe anemia, low blood pressure, and a rapid pulse. The doctor transfused packed red blood cells (a blood product that has had its plasma separated to collect a high number of red blood cells) to prevent anemia from causing dangerous complications. The colonoscopy results showed that the ulcer caused extensive bleeding in the cecum area.

Doctor Binh diagnosed the cause of the patient's massive bloody stools as a severe cecal ulcer caused by taking anticoagulants.

If bleeding is not stopped quickly, the patient may experience dangerous complications such as shock due to sudden blood loss, cerebral ischemia, cerebral hypoxia causing convulsions, difficulty breathing, and risk of death.

The method of stopping bleeding with powder is not new but is rarely performed, and is indicated for special cases such as bleeding tumors, bleeding due to widespread gastrointestinal ulcers, massive bleeding due to ruptured esophageal veins, and widespread bleeding ulcers, according to Dr. Binh.

Methods such as hemostasis injection, clipping (blood vessel clamping), rubber band ligation... are usually only applied when bleeding occurs at specific, isolated points. In addition, Mr. Xuan is weak and is taking anticoagulants, if the cecum is removed, there is a high risk of bleeding, anastomotic leakage, and dangerous complications.

After identifying the bleeding area, the doctor inserted a nozzle through the endoscope into the colon and sprayed hemostatic powder onto the bleeding cecum. The process of spraying the hemostatic powder lasted 10 minutes. The patient stopped bleeding. Three days later, Mr. Xuan was able to use anticoagulants again as prescribed by the doctor, continuing to treat his cardiovascular disease.

When there are signs of suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, patients need to go to the doctor for timely and appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Warning signs of oral cancer, you should not ignore

If detected early, more than 90% of oral cancer cases can be prevented. Below are the warning signs of oral cancer.

Mouth ulcers are mainly caused by trauma to the oral mucosa. For example, accidentally biting a tooth can also cause damage, but the ulcer will usually subside after 2-3 weeks. However, if the ulcer appears for no apparent reason and lasts for several months without improvement, it should be considered and examined promptly.

In addition, malignant mouth ulcers have unclear wound boundaries compared to other areas, and the wound edges are "jagged". If using drugs to treat malignant mouth ulcers, it will not bring significant results.

Loose teeth of unknown cause in a limited area that cannot be explained by periodontal disease, bite trauma... Along with that, the jaw is also swollen leading to imbalance.

Some patients with oral cancer experience severe pain of unknown cause or an inability to open the mouth. Tongue mobility is also limited, causing difficulty in chewing, swallowing or speaking, loss of sensation or numbness on one side of the tongue.

Voice changes or hoarseness are common symptoms of colds and flu. However, if a patient notices persistent changes, especially difficulty speaking loudly or clearly, it could be a sign of a more serious problem.

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck can be a sign of a number of conditions. If you notice swelling or a lump in your neck that doesn't go away or gets larger, it's important to see a doctor right away. Early detection can have a significant impact on the success of treatment.

Difficulty chewing, swallowing or speaking often prompts a visit to the doctor. Such problems interfere with daily life. People who have persistent or increasing difficulty with this condition should seek medical attention.

Persistent earaches and headaches, especially when associated with oral cancer symptoms, are also signs to watch out for.

Although earaches and headaches can have many causes, persistent or unusual symptoms should be taken seriously. If they are accompanied by other symptoms of oral cancer, you should first discuss them with your dentist or doctor.

Numbness or unusual sensation in the mouth area, including the lips and tongue, accompanied by color changes can be a serious warning sign of oral cancer.

These are not normal changes and should not be ignored. Your healthcare provider can help you determine the cause and the next steps you need to take.

Source: https://baodautu.vn/tin-moi-y-te-ngay-1911-lam-ro-nguyen-nhan-vi-sao-so-ca-mac-soi-tang-d230353.html