Administration, economics, examinations
Regarding administration, in 1401, Ho Han Thuong ordered the creation of a household register throughout the country. "Record all people aged 2 years and older in the register and use the current number as the actual number, not allowing exiles to have their names recorded in the register. Announce to the border towns that any Kinh people residing there should be expelled back to their hometowns," wrote the book Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu.
In 1403, he allowed landless people to migrate to Thang Hoa - a new land acquired after Champa surrendered in 1402 (now Quang Nam and Quang Ngai provinces). In the same year, the Ho Dynasty established the Quang Te agency to oversee health care.
Regarding the law, at the end of 1401, the Ho Dynasty established the official system and criminal law of Dai Ngu state. However, historical books do not clearly state how the amendments were compared to the Tran Dynasty.
In terms of economy, the Ho Dynasty circulated paper money and banned copper coins. In fact, the currency exchange was initiated and implemented by Ho Quy Ly at the end of the Tran Dynasty, in 1396. The format of paper money was: 10-dong note with a drawing of a dragon, 30-dong note with a drawing of waves, 2-dong note with a drawing of a turtle, 3-dong note with a drawing of a unicorn, 5-dong note with a drawing of a phoenix, and 1-quan note with a drawing of a dragon. Counterfeiters were sentenced to death and their land and property were confiscated.
The Ho Dynasty's tax collection was more clearly classified than before. "Previously, each mau collected 3 thang of rice, now it collects 5 thang. Mulberry fields, previously, collected 9 quan or 7 quan of money per mau, now it collects 5 quan of paper money per mau for the upper class, 4 quan of paper money per mau for the middle class, and 3 quan of paper money per mau for the lower class. The annual payment of male households used to be 3 quan, now it is based on the number of fields. Those who only had 5 sao of rice fields would collect 5 quan of paper money, from 6 sao to 1 mau would collect 1 quan...", Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu wrote. The Ho Dynasty also established a regular warehouse to reserve rice to stabilize the economy.
Regarding education, the Ho Dynasty changed the examination system, abandoning the dictation of classical literature and switching to the four-field literary style.
The reforms of the Ho Dynasty were considered to have practical value and were ahead of their time. However, because of the people's disapproval due to Ho Quy Ly's tricks when he usurped the throne, the reforms failed.
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