Hospitalized for overtraining
Recently, patient NMH (37 years old, living in Hanoi) was jogging when he felt dizzy, lightheaded and fainted. He was given first aid at a hospital near where he was jogging, then transferred to Hospital E (Hanoi).
Here, patient H. showed signs of agitation and was assessed as dehydrated, with a rapid pulse and low blood pressure. The doctor initially diagnosed him with shock and reduced circulating volume due to strenuous physical activity, and monitored for rhabdomyolysis.
Patient H. had a history of good health and exercised regularly. However, three days before the race, he had a fever. After the fever went away, H. thought he was healthy and participated in the race.
Blood test results showed signs of metabolic acidosis and acute renal failure, requiring intensive treatment and dialysis. After 2 weeks of intensive treatment, the patient's condition improved.
Or earlier in June 2020, a 20-year-old man in Hanoi had to be hospitalized after 4 gym sessions. Doctors determined that the patient had rhabdomyolysis and urinary retention due to overtraining.
Exercise should be maintained in moderation and properly.
Rhabdomyolysis, renal failure due to strenuous exercise
Specialist Doctor Ho Thanh Lich - Deputy Head of the Department of Intensive Care - Saigon South International General Hospital (HCMC) said that when running long distances or exercising too hard, the muscles are broken down, releasing myoglobin into the blood and into the kidneys for filtration. When the muscles are severely damaged due to exertion, the muscle fibers can be broken down, leaking the protein in the muscle fibers into the blood and can get stuck in the kidneys. At this time, the kidneys are over-compressed, leading to kidney failure. Many cases are hospitalized with acute kidney failure, electrolyte disturbances causing hyperkalemia and hyperphosphatemia.
For people who are sedentary, suddenly exercising vigorously, quickly, and excessively, the risk of rhabdomyolysis is very high. However, because the typical symptom of rhabdomyolysis is muscle pain, which is very common in life, many people often ignore it.
Rhabdomyolysis, if mild, will resolve on its own. If the urine turns dark red, it is a sign that the disease has progressed severely, usually to kidney failure. In addition to rhabdomyolysis causing kidney failure, strenuous exercise can cause myocardial infarction and cerebral hemorrhage. This is classified as a high-risk group causing death when exercising too hard.
Obesity, tobacco use, muscle enzyme deficiencies, and a recent study found that sickle cell trait can all increase the risk of rhabdomyolysis. Men are also more likely to develop the disease than women.
To exercise effectively
Dr. Lich shared that exercise is a good method to protect health and beauty. However, it is necessary to exercise regularly and properly, avoiding high-intensity exercise leading to injuries or even kidney failure.
Do not exercise too hard while on a low-calorie diet or after a long period of fasting.
According to Dr. Lich, when exercising, you need to pay attention to the following:
- Do not exercise too vigorously while on a low-calorie diet or after a prolonged fast.
- Ensure adequate energy to allow muscles to function efficiently.
- When starting any exercise, especially a new one, take it slow and rest when your body shows signs of being overwhelmed. Don't push yourself too hard.
- Drink plenty of water and avoid overheating.
- After exercise, you must drink enough water, because dehydration increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis. At the same time, drinking lots of water helps eliminate substances that are harmful to the kidneys.
"Anyone can experience rhabdomyolysis when doing high-intensity sports or physical labor. If you experience pain, fatigue, or low blood pressure, you should quickly go to a medical facility for timely examination," Dr. Lich advised.
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