Thang Long Imperial Citadel is a massive architectural work, built by dynasties in many historical periods and has become the most important relic in the system of relics of Hanoi in particular and the whole country in general.
Thang Long Imperial Citadel is a complex of relics associated with the history of Thang Long citadel and Hanoi city, starting from the pre-Thang Long period (An Nam protectorate in the 7th century) through the Dinh - Tien Le period, strongly developed under the Ly, Tran, Le dynasties and Hanoi city under the Nguyen dynasty. This is a massive architectural work, built by the kings in many historical periods and became the most important relic in the system of relics of Hanoi in particular and the whole country in general. At the 34th session in Brazil on July 31, 2010, the World Heritage Committee recognized the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi as a World Cultural Heritage with the following valuable criteria: demonstrating the exchange between influences mainly from China in the North and the Champa Kingdom in the South; demonstrating the long-standing cultural tradition of the Vietnamese people established in the Red River Delta, which has been a continuous center of power from the 7th century until today; directly related to many important cultural and historical events.
Doan Mon - Thang Long Imperial Citadel
The inclusion of the Central Sector of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long into the World Heritage List is an event of great significance for Vietnam, demonstrating our solid steps in the conservation and promotion of the value of this particularly important relic.
Currently, the central area of Thang Long Imperial Citadel - Hanoi (including Hanoi Citadel and Archaeological site 18 Hoang Dieu) is located on a fairly large campus: 18.395ha, in Dien Bien and Quan Thanh wards, Ba Dinh district, Hanoi city, limited by:
North borders: Phan Dinh Phung street and Hoang Van Thu street.
West side: Hoang Dieu street, Doc Lap street and the new National Assembly campus.
South side: Bac Son street and the new National Assembly campus.
Southwest borders: Dien Bien Phu street.
East side: Nguyen Tri Phuong street.
Over time and historical events, Thang Long Citadel has undergone many changes and deformations, but to this day, we can still see relics above ground, underground, historical revolutionary relics, archaeological relics, architectural and artistic relics, etc., forming a system of relics that are considered the most important in the system of ancient, middle, modern urban relics of our country. Currently, in the central area of Thang Long Citadel - Hanoi, there are 5 remaining relic sites above ground distributed along the North - South axis, also known as the "Central axis", "Royal axis", including: Ky Dai, Doan Mon, Kinh Thien Palace foundation, Hau Lau, Bac Mon, surrounding walls and architecture of the Nguyen Dynasty's palace gate, relics of D67 house and tunnel, French architectural works, etc.
Thang Long Citadel from the Ly Dynasty was built with a three-ring structure, called "three-ring citadel": the outer citadel is La Thanh or Dai La Thanh, the middle citadel is Hoang Thanh (during the Ly - Tran - Le Dynasty called Thang Long Thanh, during the Le Dynasty also called Hoang Thanh) and the innermost citadel is called Cam Thanh (or Cung Thanh). From the 11th to the 18th century, the Forbidden City remained almost unchanged and still preserves two very important landmarks:
+ The first is the Kinh Thien Palace built in the early Le Dynasty (1428) on the foundation of Can Nguyen Palace (later renamed Thien An Palace) in the Ly and Tran Dynasties. That was originally the location of Nung Mountain (Long Do - Dragon's Navel), considered the center of the Forbidden City and the Imperial City, where the sacred energy of the country's mountains and rivers converged according to traditional feng shui concepts, and the remaining relic is the palace foundation with stone steps and railings carved with dragons from the 15th century.
+ The second is Doan Mon Gate, the South Gate of the Forbidden City during the Ly - Tran - Le dynasties. At this location, there are still relics of Doan Mon Gate during the Le dynasty.
Phuong Dinh Nguyen Van Sieu (1799-1872), in the book Dai Viet Dia Du Chi Toan Bien, had a fairly clear description of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long under the Le Dynasty: “In the middle is the Palace, inside the Palace gate is Doan Mon. Inside Doan Mon is Thi Trieu Palace, inside Thi Trieu Palace is Kinh Thien Palace. To the right of Kinh Thien is Chi Kinh Palace, to the left is Van Tho Palace. To the right of Doan Mon is Tay Truong An, to the left is Dong Truong An, in the middle is Ngoc Gian. Inside the Imperial Citadel and outside the Palace to the East is Thai Mieu, behind is Dong Cung”.
Typical values of the relic site
Historical value
Thang Long - Hanoi Citadel is a historical and archaeological relic representing the history of the nation, the political center of Dai Viet from 1010 to 1802 and after 1945 the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
The ancient citadel of Thang Long - Hanoi during the monarchy, as the headquarters of the royal administration of the dynasties in the capital of Thang Long, has become the symbol of the imperial capital of the nation. The existence of the citadel is closely linked to each stage of the rise and fall of the nation's history.
In all stages of national history, Thang Long - Hanoi, whose center and symbol is the Citadel, has always been a place where Vietnamese culture converges and shines to all regions of the country.
The sacred spirit of the mountains and rivers has converged on the land of Thang Long - Hanoi. The country's talented people from many generations have used their intelligence to build this land to be worthy of being a sacred place of talented people, becoming a symbol of the country.
Despite experiencing many changes, especially the destruction of Hanoi by French colonialists, up to now, Thang Long - Hanoi Citadel still retains some important vestiges and especially contains many underground vestiges of special value (found in the archaeological excavation at 18 Hoang Dieu), proving the development of the history of the capital and the nation in all aspects of politics, society, economy, culture, art...
Architectural and artistic value
The remaining relics on the ground such as Ky Dai, Doan Mon, Kinh Thien Palace foundation, Hau Lau, Bac Mon, ... together with archaeological evidence at the relic site at 18 Hoang Dieu, with many traces of the foundation of a palace architectural complex, including large-scale wooden structures, along with many high-class construction materials, many royal ceramics, many other precious objects of the royal court, ... are material evidence reflecting the high level of technology, unique architecture and art of the country on the development level of the region and the world, especially during the prosperous period of Dai Viet nation during the Ly, Tran, and Le dynasties - the period honored by many historians as the Dai Viet Civilization Era (11th-15th centuries).
The Hanoi Citadel is one of the typical manifestations of the absorption and combination of Western-style fortification techniques with the ideas of a Chinese-style capital. It can be seen that the Thang Long - Hanoi Citadel in the 19th century was basically organized according to the Vauban model, but it also showed the specific features of Vietnam. First and foremost in the Vietnamese perspective, all these structures were in accordance with the requirements of traditional geomancy; they were built in favorable locations - where the unusual geomancy of nature, especially the river system, was thoroughly utilized.
Archaeological value
At the archaeological site at 18 Hoang Dieu, important vestiges of the palace were found. After 10 centuries of many wars, many historical changes and harsh natural conditions, the architectural vestiges and relics of the ancient palace are still relatively well preserved underground. In the relic site, many foreign utensils and objects were also found, such as porcelain from West Asia, China, Japan, etc., reflecting the cultural exchange between Thang Long and the world.
The country's leading scientists in history, archaeology and culture all agree to identify and characterize the relic site at 18 Hoang Dieu as a part of the Forbidden City - the center of the Imperial City. This is where important ceremonies of the country take place, the working center and residence of the king and royal family through the dynasties.
According to nghisitre.quochoi.vn
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