Signs of thyroid disease

People with thyroid disease have symptoms of weight changes, temperature sensitivity, fatigue, menstrual disorders, etc.; should be examined and treated to avoid complications.

Dr. Do Tien Vu (Department of Endocrinology - Diabetes, Tam Anh General Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City) said that when the thyroid gland functions normally, the body's metabolic rate is stable. However, when the thyroid gland increases or decreases hormone production, there are abnormal changes that will affect health. Therefore, patients need to recognize early signs to have timely treatment, avoiding dangerous complications.

Signs of thyroid disease include: weight changes; sensitivity to temperature, fatigue, sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety. Some people experience neck or throat problems such as swelling, pain, difficulty swallowing or breathing, hoarseness... Dry skin or unusual rashes, brittle hair, brittle nails are also warning signs of thyroid disease.

Dr. Tien Vu said that thyroid disease also causes symptoms related to digestive diseases. Hypothyroidism can cause persistent constipation, while hyperthyroidism causes diarrhea, loose stools or irritable bowel syndrome. If thyroid disease lasts for a long time, it can lead to menstrual disorders, affect fertility, increase the risk of miscarriage, and even infertility. Some people have eye problems such as red, swollen, blurred or watery eyes, sensitivity to light. Patients may have memory loss, decreased ability to concentrate...; muscle and joint pain or carpal tunnel syndrome.

People with hyperthyroidism often lose weight, while people with hypothyroidism easily gain weight. Photo: Freepik — People with hyperthyroidism often lose weight, while people with hypothyroidism easily gain weight. Photo: *Freepik*

The thyroid gland plays an important role in the body's metabolism. This organ is responsible for secreting, storing and releasing two hormones T3 (Triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine), supporting the body's metabolism. Abnormal thyroid function will cause a number of diseases including: hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, goiter, thyroid cancer... If thyroid disease is not detected and treated early, it will cause the following dangerous complications:

Underactive thyroid: Hypothyroidism can cause a variety of complications such as enlarged thyroid, goiter, cardiovascular problems, and reduced kidney function. Mental health problems, myxedema coma, etc.; nerve damage such as tingling, numbness, and pain in the legs, arms, or other affected areas. Birth defects, miscarriage, or premature birth can also be complications of thyroid disease.

Overactive thyroid: Hyperthyroidism can lead to some eye complications such as: bulging eyes, blurred vision, even loss of vision; rapid heart rate, heart failure; osteoporosis, red skin, swelling, occurring in the legs and feet; thyrotoxicosis...

A healthy diet also helps prevent thyroid diseases. Iodine helps balance, stimulate the production of necessary hormones, and reduce the formation of thyroid tumors. However, the body does not synthesize iodine on its own but must be supplied through diet. People with hypothyroidism can choose foods rich in iodine such as seaweed, kelp, seafood and use them in moderation. People with hyperthyroidism need to limit foods rich in iodine. Supplementing fruits and green vegetables: Malabar spinach, fish mint, water spinach... helps improve symptoms of muscle pain, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat.

Fatty acids, omega 3 found in salmon, beef, shrimp...; low-fat yogurt contains a lot of iodine, vitamin D which is good for the thyroid. Nuts such as almonds, cashews... are a source of magnesium for the body, rich in vegetable protein, vitamin B, E and other minerals that support effective thyroid function. Patients should supplement selenium found in beef, chicken, fish, oysters, cheese...

Dr. Tien Vu advises people to have regular health check-ups and have a healthy diet. When detecting abnormalities in the neck or any health-related problems, patients should go to reputable medical facilities for examination and treatment advice. Early detection and treatment help prevent the disease from progressing.

Nguyen Van

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