For centuries, Quang Yen urban area has been the largest and most important political, military, economic and cultural center of the entire coastal and sea and island region of the Northeast. However, throughout history, Quang Yen has gone through many ups and downs, as a town, a provincial capital, a district and then a bustling town.
Archaeological discoveries in the Bach Dang River area have proven that in ancient Quang Yen, there was a development of trade and the emergence of a merchant and urban class. Ancient tombs from the Eastern Han Dynasty discovered in the communes of Tien An, Hoang Tan, and Song Khoai showed that their owners were not Han people but Vietnamese merchants. According to Dr. Nguyen Viet, Director of the Southeast Asian Prehistory Center, the Bach Dang land during the Au Lac period was densely populated. It was the foundation for the birth of a prosperous trading period in Giao Chi.
When Giao Chau became a departure and arrival point of the maritime silk road around BC, Bach Dang estuary and the waterway and road route deep into Giao Chi must have been the main trade route of the whole region. This is a port area with the nature of the country's throat. Not only is it a throat against invasion but also a throat for trade activities. The important role of Bach Dang estuary as a regional trade center dates back 4,000 years ago and exploded during the Au Lac, Nam Viet, Giao Chau period, 3rd century BC to 3rd century AD.
Mr. Le Dong Son, former Head of the Department of Culture and Information of Quang Yen Town, said: On the vast tidal flats along Duong Hac, Hoang Tan Commune, there are still many pieces of ceramics from the Ly, Tran, and Le dynasties lying under the roots of mangrove and parrot trees. Is it possible that Ben Giang, Duong Hac in Hoang Tan Commune used to be one of the trading ports of the Van Don Commercial Port system? If not, this was a place to transfer goods by water to Van Don Commercial Port.
According to the book "History of Quang Yen Town Party Committee" published by Political Theory Publishing House in 2020, starting in 1802, at the same time as the birth of the Nguyen Dynasty, King Gia Long established Yen Quang town including the entire Northeast region, taking the current Quang Yen town area as the town capital, appointing Nguyen Huu Dao as the town governor, Nguyen Viet Co as the deputy town governor, and Nguyen Van Kim as the deputy town governor. In the fourth year of Gia Long, 1805, the king ordered the construction of Quang Yen Temple of Literature as a place for teaching.
In 1822, the king changed the name of Yen Quang town to Quang Yen town. From 1802 to 1825, Yen Quang town had not yet built a citadel but relied on the position of Tien Son mountain. In 1826, King Minh Mang ordered the construction of an earthen citadel, surrounded by the streets: Yen Hung, Khe Chanh and Tien Mon.
In 1832, King Minh Mang carried out administrative reforms to establish Quang Yen province and the Quang Yen town was renamed Quang Yen provincial capital. During the Nguyen Dynasty, the Quang Yen provincial capital area remained the provincial administrative center, the leading urban area in the entire Northeast region. It was not until 1886 that King Tu Duc built the Quang Yen citadel with bricks and left the remains as they are still seen today.
When the French occupied Quang Yen, from 1883 they built consulates, secret police offices, customs offices, treasury, Rung market, etc. The French also expanded some old streets, specifically Yen Hung, Tran Hung Dao, Nguyen Du, and Hoang Hoa Tham streets today. Tien Mon Street was changed to Gia Long and Pham Ngu Lao streets. Later, Gia Long Street was changed to Doan Ket City, then Ngo Quyen City.
Khe Chanh Street was renamed Truong Quoc Dung City, then Tran Khanh Du City. During the French colonial period, Quang Yen became the provincial capital of Quang Yen Province. This was a resort and the place where the French colonial administration concentrated in the Northeast region.
On July 20, 1945, the revolutionary army liberated Quang Yen town, the first provincial capital in the country to gain power in the August Revolution. The revolutionary government was established, still using Quang Yen as the provincial capital. On February 28, 1947, the French returned to occupy Quang Yen town until May 25, 1955.
Since the beginning of 1955, Quang Yen has continued to play the role of the central town of Quang Yen province in Hong Quang area, under the provincial-level local administrative system of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. On July 2, 1964, after Quang Ninh province was established, taking Hon Gai town as the provincial capital, the Government issued a decision to change Quang Yen town to Quang Yen town and set it as the district capital of Yen Hung district.
The current name Quang Yen is the name of a town in Quang Ninh province. Quang Yen currently consists of two parts: Ha Nam and Ha Bac. Under the impact of urbanization, some village names in the old Quang Yen have been changed to commune and ward names, such as: Phong Coc, Cam La. Some village names have become hamlet and neighborhood names, such as: Hung Hoc, Vi Duong, Yen Dong, Trung Ban, Khe Chanh, Khoai Lac, Yen Lap, Dong Linh, La Khe.
Thus, Quang Yen Town currently has 19 commune-level administrative units, including 11 wards with more than 100 neighborhoods. In the new conditions and context, Quang Yen is rising to reaffirm its inherent position, becoming a worthy urban area in the dynamic economic axis of the Northern coastal region with new opportunities for this land rich in potential.
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