According to the National Center for Hydro-Meteorological Forecasting, 2023 is the year of ENSO transition, weather and climate often have strong fluctuations, nationwide as well as the East Sea, need to be on guard against strong storms, complex movements, local heavy rains and other dangerous weather phenomena. To proactively prevent natural disasters, many solutions have been deployed, in which strengthening the safety of dikes has been focused on by Quang Ninh province and directed localities to pay attention to implementation.
Hai Ha district has 35.97km of level IV and V dykes, concentrated in 8 coastal communes. In recent times, the dyke routes in the area have received attention for investment and upgrading. For example, in early 2023, after more than 1 month of construction, the urgent treatment project for dyke landslides in village 2, Duong Hoa commune was completed and put into use. To date, more than 500m of dyke through village 2 has been invested in upgrading, ensuring safety. Previously, in 2022, the sea dyke route of Quang Minh commune (under the FMCR project of Quang Ninh province) was invested in upgrading, contributing to ensuring safety for hundreds of households and thousands of hectares of agricultural land and aquaculture in the area.
In Quang Yen, there are nearly 70km of dikes, of which the level III dike is 33.67km; level IV dike is 32.005km, level V dike is 3.3km, located in the two areas of Ha Nam and Ha Bac of the town. Ha Nam area has a 33.67km long dike, the only level III dike in the province, with the task of protecting more than 5,100ha and nearly 60,000 people living on Ha Nam island; with 2/3 of the natural area of the island being 5% lower than the high tide level, so the impact on socio-economic life is very large if the dike breaks.
For a long time, the Ha Nam dike line (Quang Yen town) has been identified as the number 1 priority in the province's annual natural disaster prevention and control work. Currently, the entire line has been repaired and upgraded. At some locations, the old sea-facing dike is damaged and degraded. In 2021-2022, about 1km of the dike was repaired, and it is expected that about 0.6km will be repaired in 2023. For the dike system in the Ha Bac area, the dikes are level IV and level V, with an average crest elevation of +4.2m to +4.8m, and have been invested in upgrading to ensure normal operation.
Not only the dike in Hai Ha, Quang Yen, in recent years, Quang Ninh has always paid attention to directing the strengthening of state management, investment in renovating and repairing the dike system in the area. According to statistics, currently in the province there are nearly 364km of dikes of all kinds, of which there is a level III dike (Ha Nam dike, Quang Yen town) with a length of 33.67km, level IV dikes with a length of over 130km, and the remaining level V dikes with a total length of nearly 200km.
In 2022, the whole province completed the sea dike upgrading program with 17/20 projects (3 projects did not upgrade due to the change of purpose of use for the protection area and the seaward area of the dike line, so there was no need for investment and construction). For river dikes, 1/3 of the projects have been implemented. Most of the river estuary and sea dikes in the province have been protected by wave-breaking trees with different density; the width of the wave-breaking trees ranges from 10m to 200m; many dikes have a very well-developed wave-breaking forest system, and the wave-breaking trees have grown and developed for a long time.
According to the assessment of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, many dikes after being upgraded, increased their storm resistance to level 9, the remaining dikes can withstand storms from level 6-8, high tide frequency from 5-10%. Ha Nam dike is the only route in the province that meets level III dike standards, currently the entire route has been upgraded and is able to withstand level 10 storms.
Along with investing in and repairing the dike system, the province also builds projects to prevent natural disasters, respond to climate change, install automatic rain monitoring systems, warn of floods and rains; identify key weak dikes and develop annual key protection plans.
Despite many efforts, however, due to financial constraints, investment and synchronous upgrading of dike routes are often difficult, and there are still potential risks of unsafety for agricultural production and people's lives, which need to be further addressed. For example, in Hai Ha district, the dike of Quang Phong commune (Hai Ha district) is currently only 2.8/5.9km solidified; the dike of Duong Hoa commune has only nearly 3/6.5km repaired and upgraded, the remaining routes that have not been upgraded are damaged at different levels. In Mong Cai city, the dike of Hai Xuan commune has 3.8/13.5km degraded, with many landslides appearing, and needs investment and upgrading; the dike of Binh Ngoc ward has 2.7/7km that has not been invested in upgrading, the current status of the route has been degraded, the top of the dike is low, and many sections of the seaward slope have sunk and collapsed. In Ha Long, the North Cua Luc dike currently has some collapsed breakwaters with a total length of about 250m, some positions of the seaward slope have subsided and are damaged and need to be repaired promptly...
Ensuring the safety of the dike system is important in protecting production and people's lives. Recently, based on the results of inspection and assessment of the current status of dikes in the province, the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development has developed a dike protection plan for 2023 and reported to the Provincial People's Committee for consideration and approval. For key areas at the district level, the locality will determine and develop a suitable and safe plan based on the actual situation.
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