Focusing on developing clean and green energy is one of Vietnam's efforts to implement its commitments at COP26.
Reporting on the implementation of Vietnam's commitments at COP26, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment said that at COP26, Vietnam joined 147 countries in committing to bring net emissions to "zero" by mid-century; joined 103 countries in the Global Methanol Emissions Reduction Commitment; joined 140 countries in the Glasgow Declaration of Leaders on Forests and Land Use; joined 48 countries in the Global Declaration on Transitioning Coal to Clean Energy; and joined 150 countries in the Global Alliance for Adaptation Action.
Vietnam is actively and proactively implementing international commitments in a systematic manner, especially those since COP26, and has been highly appreciated by the international community.
After COP26 and COP27, with the strong direction of the Prime Minister, the National Steering Committee has implemented the commitment; relevant ministries, branches and agencies have advised the Prime Minister to issue many projects, strategies, plans and action plans.
Government leaders and leaders of ministries and sectors have also worked with leaders of international organizations, countries and international financial institutions to promote access to financial resources, knowledge and technology, opening up many opportunities for development cooperation, towards green transformation and low carbon emissions.
Ministries and sectors strive to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
Based on the commitments at COP26, ministries with targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions such as: Industry and Trade, Natural Resources and Environment, Construction, Transport, Agriculture and Rural Development have been organizing the development of plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the sectoral level; assessing and inventorying greenhouse gas emissions of enterprises and establishments to assign responsibility for emission reduction; developing technical regulations on greenhouse gas inventory and measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) of greenhouse gas emission reduction for the sectoral and facility levels; and developing an online greenhouse gas inventory reporting system.
Specifically, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has completed and published the Report on offshore wind and wave energy potential in sea areas serving the development of renewable energy and offshore wind power projects; completed and submitted to the Government a Decree amending and supplementing a number of articles of Decree No. 40/2016/ND-CP and Decree No. 11/2021/ND-CP regulating the assignment of sea areas to organizations and individuals for exploitation and use of marine resources.
The Ministry has also submitted to the Prime Minister for consideration and promulgation of a national green classification list as a basis for classifying priority projects for granting green credit and issuing green bonds. It has issued a Circular detailing greenhouse gas inventories and measuring, reporting, and verifying (MRV) greenhouse gas emission reduction in the waste sector.
In particular, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment has guided the implementation of the 2022 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), including emission reduction targets for each sector and climate change adaptation with implementation measures; coordinated with the Ministry of Finance to complete the Project on developing the carbon market in Vietnam; coordinated with relevant ministries and sectors to develop and complete the Project on implementing the JETP Declaration...
In the energy sector, the Ministry of Industry and Trade develops a program to reduce the use of fossil fuels in the energy sector, integrating it into the Power Plan VIII and the National Energy Development Master Plan; drafts a mechanism for determining the selling price of wind and solar power according to market mechanisms; completes the draft Decision of the Prime Minister on piloting a direct electricity purchase and sale mechanism between renewable energy power generation units and groups of customers with large electricity demand.
For agriculture, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has developed and issued a Plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (including methanol) in the agriculture and rural development sector for the period 2021-2030, with a vision to 2050; a Plan to implement the Glasgow Declaration on forests and land use; and reviewed forest carbon credit exchange projects implementing initiatives participated in at COP26.
In particular, the Ministry has implemented the Emission Reduction Payment/Trading Agreement (ERPA) from forests in the North Central region and is negotiating for the Central Highlands and South Central regions.
The units also promoted the planting of about 244,000 hectares of forest (including 7,451 hectares of protective forest; 1,448 hectares of special-use forest; 221,694 hectares of production forest) with 33,255 hectares of large timber forest, 130,714 hectares of regeneration promotion, 1,900 hectares of mangrove forest and 1,130 hectares of coastal wind and sand protection forest; supported the development and expansion of forest ecosystem services with community participation...
The Ministry of Transport has submitted to the Prime Minister an Action Program on green energy conversion, reducing carbon and methanol emissions in the transport sector; developing mechanisms, policies and roadmaps for developing electric vehicles (E-mobility) at the national and municipal levels; improving management capacity and reducing greenhouse gas emissions; and developing a Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) System to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for emission facilities in the transport sector.
The Ministry of Construction has assigned specific tasks to units to implement commitments at COP26 and the Green Growth Action Plan; develop detailed regulations on greenhouse gas inventory and measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) in the construction sector; conduct research and propose a roadmap for green urban infrastructure development; train and enhance capacity for enterprises in the cement sector to conduct greenhouse gas inventory and develop plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at the grassroots level.
Local authorities proactively take solutions to manage and protect forests.
Together with ministries, branches, and localities, we have also organized the dissemination of COP26 commitments; implemented strategies and action plans to respond to climate change. Organized the urging and guidance of local establishments that are required to conduct greenhouse gas inventories according to Decision No. 01/2022/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister to develop plans and roadmaps for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with production and business conditions; reviewed and updated the list of establishments in the locality.
Some localities have proactively implemented solutions to manage and protect forests, and developed pilot projects for forest carbon credit exchange (Quang Nam, Son La, Lao Cai, etc.). Many localities have implemented solutions to adapt to climate change in agriculture; calling for investment in developing renewable energy projects, especially solar and wind power in the area.
Coastal localities have allocated coastal areas to implement nearshore wind power projects under their authority, such as Ca Mau with 8 projects; Bac Lieu with 3 projects; Tra Vinh with 5 projects; Soc Trang with 3 projects; Ben Tre with 4 projects; Tien Giang with 1 project... and at the same time, they have promoted calling on businesses to continue investing in developing renewable energy projects in their management areas.
Develop public transport and green transport to improve air quality and reduce emissions in a sustainable way.
Businesses actively transitioning to green
Recently, many State-owned corporations and groups have taken actions to accompany the Government, conduct research and gradually reduce fossil energy sources, and develop plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
It is worth mentioning that the Vietnam Oil and Gas Group (PVN) has reviewed and proposed amendments to legal documents and updated and supplemented policies, strategies, and development plans for each industry and sector in line with the commitment to achieve net zero emissions by 2050; developed guidelines for greenhouse gas inventories for facilities; issued an Action Plan to reduce methane emissions by 2030; built a green banking development model; encouraged credit institutions and foreign bank branches to finance and provide preferential loans for green-classified projects.
Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Group (TKV) has developed a plan to control the demand for exploitation and use of coal fuel to achieve the goal of converting to clean energy according to a roadmap in line with its commitment; not to develop new coal-fired thermal power sources after 2030.
TKV also implemented greenhouse gas emission inventories at greenhouse gas emission facilities under the Group; controlled emissions from thermal power plants, metallurgy plants, and cement production plants; improved dust treatment capacity at waste dumps, coal warehouses, and ports; strengthened international cooperation to acquire waste and wastewater treatment technology; conducted experimental research on tree planting in post-mining areas in the Central Highlands; and applied measures to reduce methanol emissions in operations.
Vietnam National Petroleum Group (Petrolimex) launches low-emission petroleum products and bio-fuel; participates in the energy infrastructure market for electric vehicles (by the end of 2022, it has cooperated with Vinfast to install 100 electric charging stations at Petrolimex gas stations); organizes strategic research on new product lines such as hydrogen and eFuels to partially replace fossil fuels in the future.
Vietnam Forestry Corporation continues to implement a number of renewable energy and biomass energy development projects; develops a sustainable forest management plan and is granted FSC forest management certificates by the World Forestry Council for 4/9 forestry units; promotes new forest planting to increase greenhouse gas absorption coverage, ends subsidies for fossil fuel industries; has a carbon refund policy specifically for industries or agriculture that find it difficult to reduce emissions.
Vietnam Railways Corporation has developed standards and regulations for importing, manufacturing, building, converting, and renovating railway vehicles using electricity and green energy; and developed preferential policies for manufacturing and transport enterprises in the process of converting from vehicles and equipment using fossil energy to green energy.
Several large corporations and groups are developing research and development projects for new energy such as hydrogen, according to the Prime Minister's direction. Multinational corporations such as Nestle, Equinor, Grab, etc. are ready to cooperate with government agencies to achieve the goal of achieving "zero" net emissions in their production and business activities.
After COP26 and COP27, with the strong direction of the Prime Minister, the National Steering Committee has implemented the commitments at COP26. Ministries and sectors have submitted to the Prime Minister many Projects, Strategies and Action Plans.
Specifically: Project on tasks and solutions to implement the results of COP26 Conference; National strategy on climate change for the period up to 2050; National action plan on green growth for the period 2021-2030; Action plan on reducing methane emissions by 2030; Action program on green energy transition, reducing carbon and methane emissions in the transport sector; Sustainable forestry development program for the period 2021-2030; through the updated Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) in 2022 in accordance with Vietnam's commitments at COP26 to send to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change...
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