Concrete is a product that is constantly exposed to harsh environmental conditions, leading to cracks and the risk of corrosion. Therefore, concrete structures require constant maintenance, which is costly and impractical.
Previous research has shown that concrete can self-heal if its composition contains specific types of bacteria.
However, the biggest challenge is finding a way to keep the bacteria alive long term without damaging the concrete structure.
Scientists at Drexel University (USA) have found a breakthrough solution to this problem by using endospores, encased in hydrogel and a protective polymer shell.
Thanks to that, they have successfully invented BioFiber concrete, with the ability to self-patch cracks after they form.
In the production of BioFiber concrete, a special type of polymer fiber is used. These polymer fibers have a dual function: they both strengthen the concrete and create a self-healing mechanism.
These polymer fibers are surrounded by a hydrogel layer, inside of which are inactive bacteria - endospores - that can 'sleep' under harsh conditions, but can revive when the environment becomes favorable.
Bio-fiber concrete can be used just like regular concrete. However, its peculiarities only become apparent when cracks appear.
As water seeps through the cracks, the hydrogel dissolves and the dormant bacteria are awakened. The bacteria begin to eat carbon and calcium from the surrounding concrete, forming calcium carbonate - a binder, which acts to fill the cracks.
BioFiber can self-seal cracks in just 1-2 days after they appear. According to the researchers, BioFiber concrete will simplify building maintenance requirements and also reduce CO2 emissions from concrete production.
(according to Hightech)
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