Currently, domestic solid waste is putting great pressure on the waste collection and treatment system in localities in the province. According to the Law on Environmental Protection 2020, waste is also considered a resource and raw material for production if properly classified. Therefore, the application of the circular economy model for domestic solid waste management needs to be implemented synchronously from the classification, collection to treatment stages.
According to statistics, the current volume of solid waste generated in both urban and rural areas in the province is about 1,200 tons/day, the volume collected and treated is over 1,139 tons/day (96%) and mainly concentrated in large cities. In the suburban areas of urban areas and in rural and mountainous communes, the collection rate is about 80% of the generated volume. Notably, about 70% of new solid waste is treated by landfill, 26% is treated by incineration technology at provincial-level solid waste treatment facilities, solid waste incinerators in urban areas and solid waste incinerators in rural communes, the remaining about 4% is treated by plastic recycling and composting.
The general assessment shows that the management of domestic solid waste has not been applied according to the integrated management method, and has not focused on solutions to reduce waste in daily life. Up to now, no locality has implemented synchronous waste classification at source; has not provided collection and transportation services for domestic solid waste after classification according to the provisions of the Law on Environmental Protection; classification programs in localities are still experimental and not synchronous. Meanwhile, the application of foreign water incineration technology when used encounters some difficulties because most of domestic solid waste has not been classified at source, has high humidity, efficiency is lower than the design capacity or is unstable, leading to high treatment costs...
Typically, in Ha Long, domestic solid waste in the city has not been classified at the source but is being collected mixed with all other waste and received and treated at the Domestic Waste Treatment Area in Hoa Binh Commune. However, the volume of waste treated and buried hygienically is low, mainly waste is temporarily treated by gathering, leveling and compacting into flat areas so that garbage trucks can continue to collect waste, then spraying biological products, sprinkling lime powder, and chemicals to kill flies and mosquitoes. In addition, with more than 1 million tons of waste remaining in temporary waste storage areas in Vu Oai and Hoa Binh communes, plus about 170 tons of domestic waste treated by temporary burial each day, Ha Long City is facing a situation that has a great potential for causing environmental pollution in the area. The main reason is that the city's plan to classify household waste at source is still low due to limited propaganda to help people understand the effects of classifying waste at source; the system of collecting, transporting and treating solid waste in the area is not uniform, many waste collection points are still temporary, sanctions for violations are not reasonable, while to classify waste, it is necessary to equip at least 2 separate waste classification bins (organic, inorganic).
The above-mentioned shortcomings lead to the risk of environmental pollution, not ensuring compliance with the goals set by the province in Plan No. 91/KH-UBND issued by the Provincial People's Committee on April 4, 2024 on the circulation of organic solid waste in the province by 2025, with the orientation to 2030, striving to achieve that by 2030, 100% of all types of solid waste generated will be collected, reused, recycled and thoroughly treated with advanced, environmentally friendly technologies and suitable to the actual conditions of the province, limiting the amount of solid waste that must be buried to the lowest level.
Speaking at the scientific workshop "Promoting green economy, digital economy, heritage economy" organized by Ha Long City Party Committee in December 2024, Dr. Nguyen Hoang Giap, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, affirmed: Quang Ninh needs to actively classify domestic solid waste at the source, aiming at a circular economic approach in domestic solid waste management. This is one of the fundamental solutions to reduce pressure on solid waste treatment. Quang Ninh needs to issue a legal framework on domestic solid waste management according to the decentralization of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. At the same time, urge localities to focus resources on completing planning, arranging locations, land, investing in the construction of treatment areas, collection points, and domestic solid waste transfer stations; allocate resources, ensure the roadmap for classification, collection, and transportation according to regulations; support and encourage domestic solid waste transportation and treatment units to invest synchronously in means, equipment, technology, and infrastructure. floors. In particular, it is necessary to direct localities to promote the implementation of a pilot model of waste classification at source, synchronously from the classification, collection to treatment stages. Ha Long City needs to quickly have a factory to treat domestic waste using waste classification and treatment technology to create secondary materials at the Waste Treatment Area in Hoa Binh commune, meeting the requirements of thoroughly treating the amount of waste that is accumulated and generated daily.
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