The difference between hybrid, internal combustion engine and electric cars

Sự khác nhau giữa xe hybrid, động cơ đốt trong và ô tô điện- Ảnh 1.

In the race to reduce emissions and fuel consumption, in addition to researching and producing all-electric cars, many car manufacturers have long researched hybrid cars as an alternative solution.

Depending on the actual conditions of each country, the application of the electric vehicle development roadmap in each country is different.

Thanks to rapid development, up to now, besides internal combustion engine vehicles (ICE), hybrid cars (HEV) and electric vehicles (BEV) are gradually becoming popular.

All three types of vehicles have certain differences. Specifically, electric cars, as the name suggests, operate entirely on electricity from a large battery pack. While internal combustion engine vehicles are very familiar with the use of fossil fuels that are burned, converting heat energy into work energy through the gearbox and active transmission to the wheels.

As for hybrid vehicles, they are considered a combination of BEV and ICE when they have both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor. Depending on the type of hybrid, the internal combustion engine can be used in conjunction with the electric motor or act as a generator for the motor to operate .

Sự khác nhau giữa xe hybrid, động cơ đốt trong và ô tô điện- Ảnh 2.

Sự khác nhau giữa xe hybrid, động cơ đốt trong và ô tô điện- Ảnh 3. — \

Hybrid cars are a type of vehicle that was invented very early, just after internal combustion engine cars. Hybrid is the most basic level of green cars, using a traditional internal combustion engine combined with an electric motor, so it is also called a hybrid electric car. Hybrid cars are divided into two types: self-charging (HEV) and plug-in electric charging for use (PHEV).

Sự khác nhau giữa xe hybrid, động cơ đốt trong và ô tô điện- Ảnh 4.

In some cases, for example when starting, accelerating or driving in traffic jams, the electric motor through the PCU (Power Control Unit ) will take energy from the battery to provide power to the vehicle. At the same time, excess energy when braking or slowing down will be recharged into the battery.

According to a study published by Hanoi University of Science and Technology, with two vehicles using engines of the same capacity, HEV vehicles will save over 40% more fuel than conventional gasoline vehicles, thereby significantly reducing CO2 emissions into the air.

Although the advantage is reducing CO2 emissions, saving fuel, and not having to charge the battery , the disadvantage of HEV vehicles is that the contribution of the electric motor during vehicle operation is not really significant.

Meanwhile, PHEVs have the same structure as HEVs, but the battery on PHEVs has a larger capacity and the electric motor has a higher capacity, and there is an additional mechanism for charging electricity from the outside through a charging port. PHEVs can run on complex terrain because they flexibly combine both gasoline and electricity while moving. Because this type of vehicle requires an electric charging station , HEVs are considered a suitable form for countries that do not have enough infrastructure to develop battery-powered electric vehicles.

In addition to saving fuel and reducing emissions, HEV vehicles are also assessed by experts as not changing the habits of traditional car users as they only need to fill up with gas without having to worry about charging. Therefore, this type of vehicle will not have a limited range of movement.

At the same time, this car line is also smoother and quieter (when using electricity), and its acceleration is also better than ICE cars because it uses both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to support it .

However, due to the addition of an electric motor and battery pack, the cost of a HEV will be higher than that of an ICE. This will also make the selling price of the car higher than that of an ICE car with the same engine capacity.

Sự khác nhau giữa xe hybrid, động cơ đốt trong và ô tô điện- Ảnh 5.

Sự khác nhau giữa xe hybrid, động cơ đốt trong và ô tô điện- Ảnh 6.

Unlike ICE vehicles, electric vehicles do not have an internal combustion engine, but only use a simple mechanism with a main battery pack that supplies energy to the electric motor. With the characteristic of large, instantaneous acceleration of electric motors, most BEV vehicles do not use a multi-speed gearbox to convert torque.

The advantage of BEV vehicles is that they do not emit CO2. The machine components are simpler and easier to repair than vehicles using internal combustion engines, so they are considered the future of the automobile industry.

The downside of BEVs is that battery life takes more time to prove and the travel distance on a single charge is shorter than that of gasoline or diesel vehicles. Meanwhile, the refueling time is much longer.

In addition, to widely develop BEV vehicles, traffic infrastructure, including the arrangement of charging stations, is very important.