Far away "the buffalo goes first, the plow follows"
Mr. Nguyen Dang Giac (90 years old), former Chairman of the Agricultural Cooperative of Ngoc Ky Commune (now Ky Son Commune, Tu Ky) during the resistance war against the US to save the country, showed me a diary recording all the activities of the cooperative from 1959-1975. He said: "The memories of the time when the gong was rung to record names, the time when the buffalo went first and the plow followed behind are all in here."
In 1962, Ngoc Ky Commune Agricultural Cooperative was established with 9 production teams, carrying out the task of cultivating 220 hectares of rice and crops and maintaining a concentrated pig farm.
The cooperative has attracted the participation of the majority of farmers.
Every morning at 7:00 a.m., when the gong sounds, members of the 9 production teams gather at the village entrance. The team leaders assign tasks to each group of members to go to the fields. The cooperative assigns members to plow 1 sao of rice field, which will be counted as 5 points (1 point corresponds to 1 work), and to plant 1 sao, which is counted as 20 points...
Agricultural production during the subsidy period in Ngoc Ky commune in particular and other localities in general revealed many difficulties and limitations: production tools and means were rudimentary and outdated. All production stages were manual. Most of the area only grew 2 rice crops per year, although the variety structure was abundant, the quality and productivity were poor, often only reaching 80-100kg/sao/crop. The main crops were corn, potatoes and some leafy vegetables. Production relied heavily on nature and experience. Limited weather forecasting and forecasting led to many crop failures due to storms...
A large number of members had a dependent mentality and rarely proposed initiatives. Many households were lazy, had little work, and fell into poverty, so the cooperative had to provide relief loans. "At that time, agricultural productivity and output were still low. Therefore, what members received after each crop was very low, not enough to eat...", Mr. Giac said.
Breakthrough
The breakthrough of the agricultural sector only really began since the Central Party Secretariat issued Directive No. 100-CT/TW on October 13, 1981 "On improving the contracting work, expanding product contracting to groups and workers in agricultural cooperatives" (also known as Contract 100).
Directive 100 is the first breakthrough in the process of innovation in agriculture, farmers and rural areas. Farmers have been assigned areas by cooperatives, self-produced and enjoyed excess output after fulfilling their obligation to pay output according to prescribed norms.
On April 5, 1988, the Politburo continued to issue Resolution No. 10-NQ/TW “On innovation in agricultural economic management” (also known as Contract 10). This Resolution properly resolved the relationships of interests, especially ensuring the legitimate interests of producers, first of all for rice growers. Farmers were assigned fields and were autonomous in production.
Recalling the time when Contract 10 was implemented, Mr. Hoang Anh Thu, currently Deputy Director of Tan Minh Duc Cooperative, Pham Tran Commune (Gia Loc) said that at that time, everyone was excited and focused on investing in their fields. In the place where he lived, farmers told each other "if you want to be full, you have to grow rice, if you want to be rich, you have to grow winter crops".
The first rice crop yield after farmers were allocated fields reached 200-300 kg/sao, twice as high as previous years. The value of winter crops was 4-5 times higher than that of rice. From having to eat mixed crops, families began to store and gradually paid attention to investing in production to increase output.
The process of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas in the following years gradually created breakthroughs in agricultural production in Hai Duong.
According to Mr. Le Thai Nghiep, Deputy Head of the provincial Department of Cultivation and Plant Protection, since 2013, Hai Duong has begun to promote plot consolidation, plot exchange, and the formation of concentrated specialized areas with a reasonable structure of crops and livestock. Agricultural mechanization has also gradually developed in all production processes.
By the end of 2024, all agricultural land in the province will be plowed by machines, and 95% of rice will be harvested by machines. Many places in the province have begun to use drones to spray pesticides to prevent and control rice diseases. About 1,000 hectares of crop production land will use automatic irrigation technology.
Many new high-quality rice varieties have been tested and widely replicated in all fields in the province. Rice productivity in Hai Duong has increased from 58.76 quintals/ha (in 2013) to nearly 63 quintals/ha (in 2024). The whole province has formed many areas producing key crops such as onions, garlic, carrots, cabbage, guava, lychee, custard-apple, etc. The production value of the fields of cultivation, livestock, and aquaculture has increased gradually every year.
The whole province has about 92 hectares of greenhouses, dozens of areas growing agricultural products meeting VietGAP and GlobalGAP standards to serve the domestic and export markets. Thanks to the development of science and technology, the attention of the State and the province, farmers in the province have changed from agricultural production thinking to agricultural economic thinking by applying high technology to production, creating higher and more sustainable values.
Hai Duong is currently known as the "cradle" of high-tech agricultural production.
Good models
Mr. Nguyen Van Nhiet in Duc Chinh commune (Cam Giang) has 4 fields growing carrots for export outside the Thai Binh river dike and said that he has been applying this technology for several years now. The on/off switch and the water pressure adjustment on the pump are connected to a handheld controller. "Before, it took 2 days to pull the water line to water these 4 fields. Now with the support of modern technology, I can sit at home and activate the automatic pumping system in the field because the controller has an effect up to 1km."
Most greenhouses in the province have applied Israeli drip irrigation technology to help save water. The water pipe system is connected from the pump to each plant. Farmers who have to go out of the province can still monitor the greenhouse production through camera systems and control watering through software installed on the phone. The beauty of this technology is that it can set the timer and control water pressure right from the phone.
Dozens of households raising fish in cages on the Luoc River in Ha Thanh Commune (Tu Ky) also apply remote feeding technology. Mr. Dao Minh Thiem, Chairman of the Ha Thanh Commune Cage Fish Association, said that by controlling the software installed on the phone, farmers can easily control the machine to "shoot fish feed" into the fish cages with just a few steps.
GOING STRONGSource: https://baohaiduong.vn/khong-con-danh-keng-ghi-ten-nong-dan-dieu-hanh-san-xuat-tu-xa-400963.html
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