Bruises and sprains

According to Dr. Nguyen Quoc Huy, a specialist in the Emergency Department at the University Medical Center of Ho Chi Minh City, if you suffer a bruise or sprain, you should do four things: rest, apply cold compresses, wrap with a compression bandage, and elevate the injured area, also known as RICE (the first letters of four English words).

Rest

According to Dr. Nguyen Quoc Huy, when injured, we need to limit movement to reduce pain. Crutches, canes, or common fabric splints can be helpful for some minor injuries. For cases where normal movements are limited after an injury, it is best to allow the injured area to rest completely by using a splint (any long and sturdy object can be used) across two joints.

When injured, you need to limit movement to reduce pain.

Note that you should not try to manipulate, bend, or adjust the painful area to try to bring it back to its normal position, or try to repeatedly perform normal movements even if they are difficult; these attempts will cause you pain and worsen the injury.

Apply ice.

To reduce pain and swelling, you can buy pain-relieving sprays at pharmacies and quick-acting cold compresses at supermarkets, or you can put ice in a plastic bag, wrap it in a towel, and apply it to avoid frostbite. In the first 24 hours, apply ice packs about 3 times, each time for about 20-30 minutes. Importantly, do not apply hot oil or use heat during the first 24 hours as this can worsen swelling and bruising.

Compression tape

Using an elastic bandage and wrapping it gently and evenly will help reduce swelling and promote faster healing in the injured area. Note that you shouldn't bandage too tightly as this can affect circulation in the area being compressed. You can ask a healthcare professional for guidance on how to bandage and monitor the injury. You should also check your toes for bruising or numbness; if present, the elastic bandage needs to be loosened.

Using an elastic bandage and wrapping it gently and evenly will help reduce swelling and promote faster healing of the injured area.

Elevation

Elevate the injured limb above the heart to increase venous blood flow back to the circulatory system, thereby reducing swelling.

Dr. Nguyen Quoc Huy noted that some serious injuries, such as being unable to stand up after a fall, experiencing severe back or neck pain, inability to turn the neck, or possibly losing sensation and movement due to spinal cord injury, can occur.

At this point, you need to call 115 for immediate medical assistance, as any attempt to move the victim could worsen injuries to the cervical or lumbar spinal cord and potentially lead to paralysis. What you can do is help the victim stay calm, absolutely avoid moving them, and use readily available items to relatively immobilize the neck (with several rolled-up newspapers or cardboard sheets) or the back (with bamboo splints, an umbrella, etc.).

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