What are the routes of transmission for hand, foot, and mouth disease?

What is hand, foot, and mouth disease?

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is caused by two groups of pathogens: Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71 (EV71). The disease is common in children under 5 years old, especially those under 3 years old.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease presents with characteristic blister-like lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, particularly on the oral mucosa, palms, soles, knees, buttocks, and back. Severe complications are often caused by infection with the EV71 strain.

Signs and symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease in children.

Each stage of hand, foot, and mouth disease has different recognizable signs, specifically as follows:

- Incubation period of 3-6 days: During this time, the patient shows no obvious symptoms.

- Initial phase: Children experience fever, fatigue, mild fever (37.5-38°C) or high fever (38.5-39°C), sore throat, burning sensation in the oral mucosa, loss of appetite, diarrhea several times a day, and excessive salivation.

- The full-blown stage (usually starting 1-2 days after the onset of the illness): Children exhibit typical symptoms such as:

+ A rash of blisters appears on the palms, soles, knees, and buttocks. The gray, oval blisters may be raised or hidden under the skin, feel bumpy to the touch, and are painless and non-itchy.

+ Mouth ulcers: Blisters that easily rupture appear on the mucous membranes of the cheeks, gums, and tongue of children. When they rupture, they form ulcers that cause pain when eating, making the child fussy and cry.

+ Sores and blisters appear on the buttocks of infants and young children.

+ Systemic signs: Children may experience altered consciousness, delirium, seizures, etc.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is characterized by numerous blister-like rashes.

How is hand, foot, and mouth disease transmitted?

The virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease is highly contagious, spreading directly from person to person through the mouth, via secretions from the nose, mouth, feces, or saliva of infected children.

People with hand, foot, and mouth disease can spread the virus during the first week (incubation period). However, the infectious period can last for several weeks because the virus remains present in the feces and saliva of infected individuals.

The routes of transmission of the virus that causes hand, foot, and mouth disease include:

- Children who have direct contact with sick people.

- Healthy children handle toys and touch items used by sick children.

- Normal people come into direct contact with the fluid from blisters, vesicles, and feces of infected individuals.

- Inhaling secretions, contact with the saliva of infected individuals when sharing food and drinks, coughing, sneezing, or talking.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease can be transmitted directly from person to person.

When does hand, foot, and mouth disease stop being contagious?

Typically, hand, foot, and mouth disease can remain contagious for several weeks even after recovery. The disease can spread during the incubation period when symptoms are not yet typical, and is most contagious during the first week.

How to treat hand, foot, and mouth disease in children

Currently, the main treatments for hand, foot, and mouth disease focus on managing symptoms, providing home care for children, and using fever-reducing and pain-relieving medications, as well as rehydrating the body, as directed by a doctor.

If your child has a high fever, you can use Paracetamol to lower the fever and relieve pain. Note that you should absolutely not use medication containing Aspirin. Additionally, parents should use 0.9% saline solution to disinfect the child's mucous membranes and regularly clean the mouth with antiseptic solutions.

Regarding daily diet, ensure adequate nutrition and timely hydration to prevent dehydration and hypoglycemia in children. For breastfed babies, increase the number of feedings throughout the day.

For older children, it's necessary to avoid foods that can cause pain or irritation in the mouth, such as hot or thick foods. Instead, parents should feed them soft, cool, and easily digestible foods like thin porridge or milk.

If your child refuses to eat, don't force them; instead, offer them milk or yogurt as a substitute. Fruits rich in vitamins and minerals are also essential foods for children while being treated for hand, foot, and mouth disease.

Parents should bathe and gently clean their baby's body daily with clean water to prevent infection. The sick child's clothes and diapers should be soaked in a disinfectant solution or hot water before washing. In addition, parents should wash the sick child's clothes separately from other children's clothes. Eating and daily activities such as bottles, cups, bowls, spoons, and towels should be sterilized and used separately for each child.

Parents should seek early treatment for hand, foot, and mouth disease in children.

Improve hand, foot, and mouth disease with the Subạc powder and gel combination.

To prevent and promote rapid recovery from hand, foot, and mouth disease, and to prevent complications, parents should have their children use a combination of the herbal "oral and topical" remedies: Subạc granules and gel.

Subạc gel is a topical product that utilizes nano-silver technology to provide strong antibacterial and antiviral properties, cleanse the skin, and promote faster healing of skin lesions caused by hand, foot, and mouth disease. Additionally, Subạc contains neem extract and chitosan, which help fight bacteria, stimulate skin regeneration, and prevent scarring.

With Subạc gel, measles, chickenpox, and shingles are cured; hand, foot, and mouth disease is cleared, and the skin is smooth.

In addition, if you want to help your child prevent and speed up the recovery process from hand, foot, and mouth disease, you need to support and strengthen your child's immune system with Subạc granules.

Subạc granules contain herbal extracts such as neem leaf extract, mango leaf extract, knotweed extract, zinc gluconate, angelica extract, L-lysine, etc., which help support and strengthen the immune system, prevent and aid in healing skin lesions caused by hand, foot and mouth disease, and help alleviate symptoms in case of infection.

Subạc rice flakes help boost immunity, fight viruses, and fight bacteria.

The above information concerns hand, foot, and mouth disease and its modes of transmission. We hope this information will help parents effectively prevent and treat the disease in their children!

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Source: https://giadinh.suckhoedoisong.vn/cac-con-duong-lay-nhiem-benh-tay-chan-mieng-la-gi-17224100411225296.htm