Prognosis of colorectal cancer patients

The overall 5-year survival rate for all stages of colorectal cancer is 65%, with early stage more than 90%, dropping to about 15% if the tumor has metastasized.

According to the National Cancer Institute, factors that affect survival rates for this cancer include age, weight, stage and type of cancer, treatment, and smoking.

Year old

The average age of diagnosis of colorectal cancer is 68 in men and 72 in women. In 2021, researchers from Ohio State University (USA) and several other schools analyzed the survival of nearly 770,000 patients with early-onset colorectal cancer. The results showed that people who developed the disease under the age of 50 had a higher survival rate than those who developed the disease at age 50 or older.

According to a 2015 Dutch study of 620 colorectal cancer patients, the 5-year overall survival rate in people over 63 years old was 58.8%, and in people over 79 years old was 40.8%.

Weight

In 2005-2012, researchers at the University of Western Australia analyzed lifestyle factors associated with survival after diagnosis in nearly 880 colorectal cancer patients. The results showed that women with this cancer who were obese or overweight had a risk of death nearly twice that of women with the disease who were of normal weight.

According to researchers, a high body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and impaired hormone function. Each of these factors is associated with the onset and progression of the disease. Patients who exercise regularly have a 40-70% lower mortality rate after treatment than those who do not exercise.

Stage

According to the National Cancer Institute, the five-year survival rate for colorectal cancer depends on how far the tumor has spread. Stage one (localized, localized) is 90.9%, stages two and three (regional) are 73.4%, and when metastasized (stage 4), this rate drops to 15.6%. The five-year survival rate for all stages is 65%.

Colorectal cancer often has symptoms of abdominal pain. Photo: Freepik

Type of cancer

According to the National Cancer Institute, adenocarcinoma accounts for about 95% of colorectal cancers. It includes mucinous adenocarcinoma and signet ring cell carcinoma. Mucinous adenocarcinoma reduces overall survival by about 20%.

Signet ring cell carcinoma accounts for about 1% of colorectal cancers but is very aggressive. People with this type have an overall 5-year survival rate of about 36.3%.

Sarcomas are tumors that develop in the connective tissue of the colon. The overall 5-year survival rate for these tumors is 46%. Leiomyosarcoma is cancer of the smooth muscle of the colon and rectum. They account for less than 0.1% of colorectal cancers, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 43.8%.

Primary colorectal lymphoma accounts for only 0.5% of colorectal cancers. The overall 5-year survival rate for this type is about 56.4%.

Treatment

A 2015 study by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Iran), with about 100 colorectal cancer patients, showed that removing the primary tumor increased the 5-year survival rate to 73.8% and reduced the risk of recurrence to only 6.4%.

Patients with stage 4 disease who cannot undergo surgery are often treated with appropriate methods. A 2019 study by the Hong Kong Polytechnic University of 82 patients found that they had a 4-year survival rate of about 43% after treatment with stereotactic radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy.

Smoke

Cigarette smoke causes chronic inflammation and oxidative DNA damage. These factors contribute to the onset and increase the likelihood of colorectal cancer recurrence.

In 2015, the German Cancer Research Center conducted a review of more than 62,000 patients with this type of cancer on the relationship between smoking and survival. Accordingly, smoking after diagnosis increased the risk of death within 60 days by 49% or more compared to never smoking. People who quit smoking improved their survival time by 78% compared to those who did not quit smoking.

Mai Cat (According to Very Well Health )

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