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Battery standards for electric motorcycles and electric motorbikes
Nowadays, with the trend of using environmentally friendly means of transport, electric vehicles (including electric motorbikes and electric scooters) are becoming more and more popular.
In addition to the design structure of electric vehicles, users are also very interested in the internal machinery, including the battery.
Content specified in National Technical Regulation QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT on Batteries used for electric motorbikes and electric scooters.
QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT stipulates technical requirements and testing methods for batteries supplying energy to the powertrain of electric motorbikes and electric scooters.
Subjects of application This regulation applies to establishments producing, assembling and importing batteries; establishments producing and assembling electric motorbikes and electric scooters and organizations related to management, testing, inspection and certification of technical safety quality and environmental protection.
Standard battery types are understood as follows:
- Sealed lead acid battery SLA (Sealed lead acid battery): Is a lead acid battery with a self-protective structure that does not allow free acid vapor to escape and does not require water or solution to be added during use.
- Valve regulated lead acid battery VRLA (Valve regulated lead acid battery): Lead acid battery with a valve that regulates when pressure increases, has high water loss resistance, so there is no need to add or little need to add water or solution during use.
- Nickel metal hydride battery: This type of battery has a positive electrode made of Nickel hydroxide and a negative electrode made of hydrogen-treated metal, immersed in an alkaline solution.
- Lithium-Ion battery: Is a type of battery that is composed of many single cells connected in series and/or parallel, with a negative electrode made of Carbon or Graphite or other Carbon materials, the positive electrode can be a metal oxide compound of Lithium and the elements Cobalt, Nickel, Manganese, Vanadium or based on other materials.
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| Weaver++, Dat Bike's electric motorbike line. |
General technical requirements for batteries used for electric motorbikes and electric scooters
- Batteries must be manufactured in accordance with the manufacturer's technical documentation.
- Electrode symbols: The positive electrode of the battery must be marked with a plus sign (+), the negative electrode must be marked with a minus sign (-). These symbols must be clear and difficult to erase.
- The battery case must not be deformed or cracked, and the components must be securely installed.
- Symbols on the battery must show the following parameters: nominal voltage, nominal capacity. These symbols must be clear and difficult to erase.
- For high voltage batteries, the box must have the symbol specified in Appendix C of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT.
Technical documentation requirements for batteries used for electric motorcycles and electric motorbikes
The battery specification registration shall include at least the following information:
- Name and address of the facility manufacturing, assembling and importing batteries for electric motorbikes and electric scooters;
- Brand;
- Number of types;
- Design symbol (or product symbol);
- Battery type;
- Nominal voltage (V);
- Nominal capacity (Ah);
- Threshold voltage (V);
- Connection diagram of single units;
- Model photo;
- Charging process (if any).
Some safety features with batteries used for electric motorbikes and electric scooters
- Overcharging: During the test and after the end of the test according to section A.3.2 Appendix A of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT 1 hour, the battery must not leak, burn, or explode; for high voltage batteries, there must not be any leak, burn, explode, or breakage.
- Over-discharge: During the test and after the end of the test according to section A.3.3 Appendix A of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT 1 hour, the battery must not leak, burn, or explode; for high voltage batteries, there must not be any leak, burn, explode, or breakage.
- Vibration resistance: During the test and after the end of the test according to section A.3.4 Appendix A of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT 1 hour, for single batteries and/or a combination of 2 batteries connected in series, the battery must not leak, burn, or explode; for high voltage batteries, there must not be any leakage, burn, explode, or breakage.
- Short circuit (not applicable to lead-acid batteries): During the test and after the end of the test according to section A.3.5 Appendix A of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT 1 hour, the battery must not leak, burn, or explode; for high voltage batteries, there must not be any leak, burn, explode, or breakage.
- Immersion in water (Not applicable to lead-acid batteries): During and after testing according to section A.3.6 Appendix A of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT, the battery must not have any ignition, leakage, fire or explosion.
- Drop (Not applicable to lead-acid batteries): During the test and after the end of the test according to section A.3.7 Appendix A of QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT 1h, the battery must not leak, burn, or explode; for high voltage batteries, there must not be any leak, burn, explode, or breakage.
- Compression (Not applicable to lead-acid batteries): During and after testing according to section A.3.8 Appendix A QCVN 91:2019/BGTVT, the battery must not show any signs of fire or explosion.
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