Prostate enlargement

Prostate enlargement, also known as prostate adenoma, benign prostatic hyperplasia or benign prostatic hyperplasia... is a common disease in older men.

This article was professionally consulted by Dr. Tra Anh Duy, Men's Health Center.

Reason

Currently, the exact cause of prostate enlargement is unknown.

Incidence of disease

- The incidence of the disease increases with age.

- Rare before age 40, about 50% of men aged 50-60 and 90% of men aged 80-90 have this disease.

Symptom

Symptoms occur when the urethra is blocked and the bladder cannot completely empty the urine. Therefore, problems may occur:

- Symptoms of irritation:

* Frequent urination day and night.

* Urgency

* Frequent urination, especially at night.

- Symptoms of obstruction:

* Weak urine stream.

* Intermittent urination.

* Urinate with difficulty.

* Feeling of incomplete urination.

* Dribbling urine, which may cause urinary retention.

Diagnose

- Diagnosis is based on the patient's ability to self-report symptoms using a symptom score and quality of life questionnaire.

- Doctors evaluate the prostate in the following ways:

* Digital rectal examination to assess prostate characteristics.

* PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) quantitative test: This index is often high in cases of prostate cancer and prostatitis.

* Abdominal ultrasound evaluates the prostate and entire urinary system.

* Rectal ultrasound and prostate biopsy when prostate cancer is suspected.

* Uroflowmetry evaluates urine flow and cystoscopy may be performed if necessary.

Treatment

Depending on the severity of the disease, the doctor will have a suitable treatment plan for each patient. Treatment is mainly based on the patient's level of urinary disorder, not much on the size of the prostate.

- Monitor:

* Patients with mild urinary disorders that do not significantly affect their quality of life only need regular monitoring.

* Lifestyle changes that can help improve symptoms include reducing/eliminating alcohol and caffeine; exercising regularly; urinating as soon as you feel the urge; drinking small amounts of water several times a day; avoiding drinking large amounts of water before bed; and avoiding stress.

- Use of drugs:

Currently, many combination drugs such as bladder neck muscle relaxants, prostate size reducers... help slow disease progression and improve the patient's quality of life.

- Surgery:

In case of severe urinary disorders or complications, surgical treatment is necessary:

* Endoscopic prostatectomy using monopolar, bipolar, laser, prostate slicing...

* Open surgery.

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