Key Players in the Middle East

The most decisive factor is Saudi Arabia, and the driving force behind Saudi Arabia's important strategic adjustments to its political future, security, stability, and intra-regional cooperation is the US's reduction while China and Russia's increased interest and direct involvement in cooperation with countries in the region.

Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (left) shakes hands with Syrian President Bashar al-Assad before the Arab League summit on May 19.

There is also the national interest. Saudi Arabia sees a need to adjust its strategy before it is too late. Without normalizing diplomatic relations with Iran, the war in Yemen will not end soon. Meanwhile, another war is looming over the region, which has erupted in Sudan, where Saudi Arabia wants to play the role of mediator and end the civil war, not directly start it. Reconciliation with Syria will help Saudi Arabia avoid pushing Syria further toward Iran, Türkiye, and Russia, while some countries in the region are already normalizing relations with Syria.

Saudi Arabia, which initiated the move, must also take the lead in ending the diplomatic confrontation with Qatar, which Egypt and several members of the Gulf Cooperation Council have joined in. Saudi Arabia has publicly shown that it will no longer continue to be a one-man show of support for the United States as it has been in the past, while at the same time being extremely friendly and courting China.

Building a key decision-making role helped Saudi Arabia gradually become the real center of power in this large region.

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