According to the Ministry of Planning and Investment, through learning from the experiences of Germany, Spain, and China, it shows that countries that develop high-speed railways with speeds of over 300 km/h are all countries that master high-speed railway technology.
When investing in developing high-speed railways, these countries already had complete freight railway networks and had GDPs much higher than Vietnam.
Japan's shinkansen railway has a speed of 350 km/h.
The Ministry of Planning and Investment also cited the opinion of a German expert with more than 40 years of experience operating 45,000 trains for 45 transport companies, saying that freight transport brings profits, while passenger transport requires the Government to cover losses.
Specifically, about the scenario 1 The Ministry of Transport proposed a train design of 350 km/h, load capacity of 17 tons/axle, exclusively for passenger trains. The Ministry of Planning and Investment assessed that this scenario does not meet the requirements and direction of the Government and Conclusion 49 of the Politburo.
Regarding scenario 2, capital demand is 72.02 billion USD, design speed is 200 - 250 km/h, load capacity is 22.5 tons/axle, operating passenger and freight trains together, according to the Ministry of Planning and Investment, this scenario meets the requirements of the Government Party Committee and Conclusion 49. However, the content of the scenario does not meet the recommended plan of the State Appraisal Council on April 18.
Regarding scenario 3, capital demand is 71.6 billion USD, train design speed is 350 km/h, load capacity is 22.5 tons/axle, passenger train operation and reserve for freight transport when needed, according to the Ministry of Planning and Investment, this scenario does not meet the direction requirements of the Government Party Committee. Although the design speed is 350 km/h, the total investment is lower than scenario 2 with a design speed of 250 km/h.
In particular, the Ministry of Planning and Investment believes that currently, there is no high-speed railway line in the world with a design speed of 350 km/h that can transport a mixture of passengers and goods. The Ministry of Transport's project does not mention the development of a railway industry and the mastery of technology.
Therefore, the Ministry of Planning and Investment proposed to clarify the proposal to develop the railway industry and create human resources, diversify loan sources for the project so as not to depend on technology from the lender.
Regarding the design axle load, scenario 3 mentions a design load of 22.5 tons/axle. However, according to the experience of other countries, the design axle load of high-speed passenger railways is 17 tons/axle, while the standard axle load of Chinese freight trains is 23 tons/axle. Therefore, the Ministry of Planning and Investment proposes to clarify the basis for selecting the design load to ensure international compliance.
Citing the advantages of high-speed trains of 200 km/h, carrying both passengers and goods, the Ministry of Planning and Investment also pointed out that high-speed railway projects in Japan that are preparing to be put into operation are only designed for speeds of 250 - 260 km/h. New generation high-speed trains, optimizing operating costs such as Siemens has developed the ICE4 train with a maximum operating speed of 250 km/h; Alstom has started producing new generation trains with speeds of 250 km/h for Northern European countries.
Previously, at the end of 2022, the Ministry of Planning and Investment proposed to the Ministry of Transport a plan to build a North-South railway with an operating speed of 180 - 225 km/h, transporting passengers and goods, with an investment cost of about 64.8 billion USD.
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