In his speech at the 30th anniversary of the Party's founding on the evening of January 5, 1960, President Ho Chi Minh emphasized: "Our Party is moral, is civilized" [1] . Our Party is moral, that is revolutionary morality - a system of values, ethical standards of Party members, built on the viewpoints of Marxism-Leninism, Ho Chi Minh thought, inheriting and promoting the good traditional ethical values of the nation, not for personal fame, but for the common interests of the Party, of the nation, of the people.
Only with morality can one lead the people for the common cause: "Without morality, no matter how talented one is, one cannot lead the people" [2] . Our Party is civilized - demonstrating the highest level of progress in all aspects of the Party. In other words, our Party is the embodiment of noble goals and ideals, with the mission of leading the struggle for national independence, reforming the old society, building a new and better society, bringing prosperity, freedom and happiness to the people.
Our Party has become a symbol of intelligence, honor, conscience, responsibility, morality, reason, faith, and aspiration of our people. These values have created the cultural essence of our Party, the cultural glue that binds the Party to the people; the cultural foundation that creates the strength of the Party. Therefore, "We must keep our Party truly clean, worthy of being the leader, the truly loyal servant of the people" [3] . In the era of national development, we must strengthen the building of the Party's culture of leadership and governance.
Our Party has become a symbol of intelligence, honor, conscience, responsibility, morality, justice, faith and aspiration of our people.
There are many approaches to the concept of leadership, but the most common understanding is that leadership is the process by which the subject makes decisions on the organization's goals, visions, and development orientations; organizes forces and means, forms mechanisms and apparatuses to implement goals, visions, and development orientations; organizes inspection and supervision of the implementation of goals, visions, and development orientations; summarizes the implementation of goals, visions, and development orientations, and draws lessons for making decisions on the implementation of goals, visions, and development orientations in the future.
The Party that leads in the condition of holding power is called the ruling party; at that time, the Party, through the State and the law and other tools and means such as culture, prestige, etc., implements the goals, visions, and development orientations of the Party. Therefore, building a culture of leadership and governance means building a culture in the process of establishing goals, visions, and development orientations; a culture in checking and supervising the implementation of goals, visions, and development orientations; a culture when summarizing the implementation of goals, visions, and development orientations, drawing lessons for establishing future goals, visions, and development orientations. To build a culture of leadership and governance of the Party in the era of national development, it is necessary to thoroughly grasp the following main principles:
Firstly , leadership and governing decisions must comply with objective laws. That is, leadership and governing decisions must ensure respect for objective laws; correctly reflect objective laws; and act according to objective laws. If they deviate from this principle, leadership and governing will fall into subjectivity, voluntarism, or dogmatism and experience, and then they will have to pay a heavy price. Before the renovation (1986), due to "the assessment of the specific economic and social situation of the country, there were many shortcomings. Therefore, in the past ten years, many mistakes have been made in determining goals and steps in building material and technical foundations, socialist transformation and economic management" [4] .
This has led to subjective, hasty, and voluntaristic leadership and ruling decisions, which in practice we have had to pay the price. Therefore, the 6th Congress drew the lesson that "The Party must always start from reality, respect and act according to objective laws. The ability to perceive and act according to laws is a condition to ensure the correct leadership of the Party" [5] . This principle requires that in leadership and management, we must look straight at the truth, not replace subjective desires with objective reality; know how to promote dynamism, positivity, initiative, and overcome difficulties; fight against conservatism and stagnation; and must prevent and overcome subjective voluntarism and objectivism.
Second , decisions must have a legal basis and comply with Party regulations. First of all, compliance with the legal basis and Party regulations in leadership and governance culture must be clearly demonstrated in the steadfastness of the Party's organizational and operational principles.
These are the principles: Democratic centralism; self-criticism and criticism; solidarity, solidarity on the basis of the Political Platform and the Party's Charter; the Party's close association with the people and the Party's operation within the framework of the Constitution and the law. In particular, the principle of democratic centralism is the basic organizational principle, ensuring that the Party becomes a disciplined, united, unified organization in will and action. By adhering to these principles, the Party's leadership and governance become the decisive factor in all victories of the revolution.
Second, in addition to the above principles, the Party Charter clearly stipulates that the Party leads the State, the Fatherland Front and socio-political organizations through the political platform, strategies, policies and guidelines; through ideological work, organization, cadres and inspection and supervision of implementation. Our Party's leadership and governance culture requires that in leadership and governance, these principles must be followed. Third, the Party's leadership and governance must comply with the Constitution and laws. When the Party leads and governs by and through the Constitution and laws, the legitimacy and legality of the Party's leadership and governance will be clearer, more public and more transparent. At the same time, it also clearly demonstrates our Party's leadership and governance culture.
Third , the Party's leadership and governance must be scientific and democratic. To lead and govern scientifically, the Party's leadership and governance decisions must be the crystallization of the wisdom of the entire Party, the entire army, and the entire people; reflect the issues of practical life, put the interests of the Fatherland and the nation above all; inherit the quintessence of national culture and human culture; and conform to the progressive development trend of humanity. Leadership and governance must comply with the methodological principles of Marxism-Leninism. In particular, the comprehensive principle requires that in leadership and governance, many measures must be used synchronously to implement decisions, but must have a focus, key points, not be evenly distributed or averaged.
The comprehensive principle is opposed to one-sidedness, seeing only immediate benefits without seeing long-term benefits, seeing only local benefits without taking into account the interests of the whole society. The historical-specific principle requires leaders and authorities to start from the specific conditions and circumstances of the locality, unit, and industry to make specific decisions, avoiding dogmatism and stereotypes. The development principle requires leaders and authorities to have a long-term vision, to be able to predict situations that may arise in order to have backup plans, to be calm and confident when there are temporary failures. The practical principle has great significance in fighting dogmatism, empiricism, subjectivity, and voluntarism in leadership and management.
Democratic leadership and governance means that when determining goals, visions, and development directions, there must be democratic and broad discussions, seeking opinions from cadres, party members, experts, experienced veteran cadres, the people, and party organizations from the grassroots to the Central level. Broad democratic discussions must be focused, linked to discipline, discipline, and law, linked to the goals, charter, and platform of the Party.
Fourth , the Party's leadership and governance must have the morality of serving the people. The goal and reason for our Party's life is to serve the people and seek happiness for the people. All activities of the Party are aimed at serving the Fatherland and the people. Therefore, the Party's leadership and governance culture requires that all leadership and governance decisions must be for the people: "... all policies and strategies must truly originate from the lives, aspirations, rights and legitimate interests of the people, taking the happiness and prosperity of the people as the goal to strive for" [6] . To move towards the ethics of serving the people, the 13th National Party Congress determined to "Implement social policies well, ensure social security and welfare, human security, create strong changes in social development management, achieve social progress and justice; improve the quality of life and happiness of the people. Continue to synchronously deploy multidimensional, inclusive and sustainable poverty reduction solutions" [7] .
The main requirements in building the Party's leadership and governing culture need to be seriously implemented in practice to bring about practical results.
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[1] Ho Chi Minh: Complete Works, National Political Publishing House Truth, Hanoi, 2011, volume 12, p.403.
[2] Ho Chi Minh: Ibid, vol. 15, p.292.
[3] Ho Chi Minh: Ibid, vol. 15, p.612.
[4] Communist Party of Vietnam: Documents of the 6th National Congress of Delegates, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1987, p.19.
[5] Communist Party of Vietnam: Ibid, p.30.
[6] Communist Party of Vietnam: Documents of the 13th National Congress of Delegates, National Political Publishing House Truth, Hanoi, 2021, volume 1, p.28.
[7] Communist Party of Vietnam: Ibid, vol. 1, pp. 47-48.
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