As of December 31, 2024, Group 5 debt (debt with potential loss of capital) of 25 listed banks amounted to VND 118,915 billion (about USD 4.75 billion), an increase of 39.30% compared to the beginning of 2024.

The above figure does not include group 5 debt at LPBank and VIB because these two banks only publish overdue debt data and do not publish details of each debt group.

With commercial banks that have published reports, it can be seen that group 5 debt accounts for the majority of bad debt. There are even banks where group 5 debt accounts for over 90% of total bad debt (group 3-5 debt).

Nam A Bank, Techcombank and ABBank had the highest increase in group 5 debt ratio, increasing by 165%, 136.9%, and 103% respectively compared to the beginning of the year.

Of which, the absolute number of debts at risk of losing capital of Nam A Bank is over 2,600 billion VND, accounting for nearly 70% of the total bad debt of this bank. The provision for customer loan risks therefore also increased by 500 billion VND compared to the beginning of the year, reaching 2,065 billion VND as of December 31, 2024.

Techcombank with more than VND 3,269 billion in bad debt is classified in group 5, accounting for 0.54% of total outstanding credit, and increasing by nearly 137% compared to group 5 bad debt at the beginning of 2024. Short-term debt accounts for 34.95% of total outstanding debt at Techcombank. Medium-term and long-term debt account for 14.07% and 50.98%, respectively.

Real estate business loans account for the highest proportion at Techcombank, up to 30.88% of total outstanding credit (in 2023 this ratio will be 35.21%).

At ABBank, group 5 debt increased by 103% compared to the beginning of 2024 and accounted for 57% of the bank's total bad debt.

In addition, some banks with high group 5 debt ratios include: Saigonbank (72.41%), Bac A Bank (73.4%), ACB (74%), Sacombank (81.36%), KLB (82%)...

Notably, the financial report for the fourth quarter of 2024 shows that 3 banks including SHB, NCB, and TPBank recorded a decrease in group 5 debt compared to the beginning of the year.

Specifically, group 5 debt at SHB decreased by 3.67% to VND9,704 billion; group 5 debt at NCB decreased by 3.49% to VND13,665 billion, and at TPBank decreased slightly by 0.28% to VND1,115 billion.

In the case of NCB, the significant reduction in bad debt in general and group 5 debt in particular is a positive signal showing that this bank has achieved significant achievements in the restructuring process according to the "Project on restructuring the system of credit institutions associated with bad debt settlement in the period 2021-2025" according to Decision 689/QD-TTg of the Prime Minister and instructions of the State Bank.

Some banks with the lowest increase in group 5 debt ratio include: Viet A Bank (3%), VietBank (5.2%), PGBank and SeABank (both increased by 25%), and BVBank (29%).

Although the group of state-owned banks such as Vietcombank, BIDV, and VietinBank are at the top in absolute numbers due to leading the system in providing capital to the market, all three "big guys" are not in the top group in terms of the increase rate of group 5 debt.

Specifically, this ratio at Vietcombank is 30%, VietinBank is 49%, while group 5 debt at BIDV increased by 55% compared to the beginning of 2024.

DEBT DEVELOPMENT OF GROUP 5 OF BANKS IN 2024 (Unit: Million VND)
STT BANK GROUP 5 DEBT 2024 GROUP 5 DEBT 2023 % CHANGE
1 ABBANK 2,107,037 1,035,207 103.54
2 ACB 6,735,014 3,870,725 74.00
3 BAC A BANK 893,900 515,493 73.41
4 BIDV 18,960,261 12,211,783 55.26
5 BVBANK 1,316,955 1,018,931 29.25
6 EXIMBANK 2,971,904 1,868,082 59.09
7 HDBANK 2,213,947 1,616,606 36.95
8 KIENLONG BANK 821,354 451,397 81.96
9 MB 4,506,833 2,851,344 58.06
10 MSB 2,920,021 1,787,809 63.33
11 NAM A BANK 2,617,266 986.031 165.43
12 NCB 13,187,712 13,665,061 -3.49
13 OCB 2,621,403 1,680,979 55.95
14 PGBANK 618,714 493,473 25.38
15 SACOMBANK 8,228,689 4,537,034 81.37
16 SAIGONBANK 400,744 232,424 72.42
17 SEABANK 2,697,271 2,150,292 25.44
18 SHB 9,347,633 9,704,450 -3.68
19 TECHCOMBANK 3,269,527 1,380,121 136.90
20 TPBANK 1,111,841 1,115,066 -0.29
21 VIET A BANK 518,959 503,722 3.02
22 VIETBANK 1,498,070 1,423,071 5.27
23 VIETCOMBANK 10,228,970 7,835,714 30.54
24 VIETINBANK 13,741,489 9,221,230 49.02
25 VPBANK 5,379,910 3,205,810 67.82
Total: 118,915,424 85,361,855 39.31

Answering questions before the National Assembly in November 2024, Governor of the State Bank Nguyen Thi Hong said that bad debts in credit institutions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic have seriously affected all aspects of life and society; businesses and people are facing difficulties, reduced income, leading to more difficult debt repayment.

To control bad debt, the State Bank also proposed a number of solutions. For credit institutions, when lending, they need to carefully assess and evaluate the borrower's ability to repay the debt, ensuring control of newly arising bad debt.

For existing bad debts, it is necessary to actively handle bad debts through urging customers to pay debts, collecting debts, and selling bad debt assets. The State Bank also has a legal framework for debt trading companies to participate in handling bad debts.