6 levels of automated driving
Accordingly, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and vehicle autonomy will be divided into 6 levels.
The draft standard for classifying advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) and the level of vehicle autonomy has 6 levels (illustrative photo).
If ADAS systems are equipped on vehicles, manufacturers must declare to the regulatory authority the type approval documents according to foreign standards for ADAS systems installed on vehicles. ADAS systems must be proven, physically tested, compared and confirmed for the level of automation and safety functions on the vehicle.
The 6 levels of advanced driver assistance systems include:
| Level | Level of autonomy | Describes the level of automation of the vehicle |
|---|---|---|
| 0 | Not automatic | The driver has 100% control of the vehicle. Systems such as ABS are installed but the vehicle does not drive itself. |
| 1 | Driving assistance | Some low-level automated systems, such as Passive Cruise Control or Adaptive Cruise Control, are designed to assist the driver. |
| 2 | Partial autopilot | Level 2 ADAS is a vehicle equipped with a level 2 ADAS system that can control steering, acceleration and braking without human intervention. However, the driver must sit in the driver's seat and exercise control at all times. This is called "Partial Autonomy". |
| 3 | Conditional Autopilot | An upgrade from level 2, the vehicle can make decisions based on traffic conditions and other factors to take action. Driver control is still required throughout the vehicle's operation and can intervene at any time. |
| 4 | High level of automation | The vehicle can drive itself but within the limits of terrain, road conditions, and certain speed limits. Transport on fixed routes or share transport services in a fixed area |
| 5 | Full Autopilot | A level 5 vehicle does not require any human intervention at all times and under any conditions. A level 5 vehicle does not need a steering wheel or brake pedal or any other provision for a driver to control the vehicle. The vehicle can drive itself. |
Self-driving cars need to be equipped with 6 basic safety systems and must be certified in accordance with foreign standard documents and must be tested and checked against the manufacturer's announcement (illustrative photo).
What safety systems should self-driving cars be equipped with?
For level 4 (Automated Vehicles) and level 5 (Fully Automated Vehicles or Autonomous) autonomous vehicle types, the draft stipulates: Manufacturers must disclose to the regulatory authority the type approval documents according to foreign standards for the autonomous level.
At the same time, the vehicle must be physically inspected, compared and confirmed for its level of automation and safety function status to fully meet the technical specifications related to the systems, including:
The driver's compensation system controls the vehicle (signals, steering, acceleration and braking);
The system provides information, status of the vehicle and the environment around the vehicle in real time;
Vehicle control monitoring system (not applicable to autonomous vehicles);
Data storage system for automatic vehicles;
Synchronize data, connect with other vehicles under different platforms of the transportation system;
The system provides safety information to other types of vehicles participating in traffic.
The structure of an automatic or self-propelled vehicle must be consistent with the type of vehicle permitted for circulation, such as: size, structure, and assembled components must be consistent with the vehicle's certification and meet the laws and regulations on vehicle circulation.
For safety in autonomous driving mode, autonomous vehicles must drive according to traffic rules, in accordance with traffic laws in the location where the vehicle is participating in traffic. The vehicle must have situational forecasts and must allow appropriate interaction with other road users in traffic situations or instructions to prevent the possibility of causing traffic accidents.
At the same time, it is necessary to maintain a safe distance from other vehicles and the permitted speed to minimize the risk of safety risks for passengers in the vehicle. In case the vehicle's self-driving function limits are exceeded and there is still a possibility of causing an accident, the vehicle must have a warning or notification mode for the driver to handle the situation.
Data must be managed, stored, secured and monitored in the country or territory where the vehicle is registered to avoid information leaks related to national security issues.
In the submission to the Ministry of Transport, the Department of Science, Technology and Environment said that QCVN 09:2015/BGTVT has been applied for 8 years, and a number of new issues have arisen that need to be considered and amended to enhance quality control of safety, technical safety and environmental protection for automobiles, ensuring harmony with international standards, and creating favorable conditions for automobile manufacturing and assembling enterprises.
With the development of Vietnam and the needs of society, many new types of vehicles have arisen that have not been mentioned in QCVN09:2015. Following the general trend of the world, Vietnam is currently rapidly developing smart vehicles (automatic driving vehicles and self-driving vehicles). Therefore, it is necessary to review, update and supplement regulations to meet the needs of vehicle technology development, ensuring state management of safety and environmental protection quality for newly manufactured, assembled and imported vehicles in Vietnam.
Source: https://www.baogiaothong.vn/se-co-quy-dinh-rieng-ve-he-thong-ho-tro-nguoi-lai-nang-cao-tren-o-to-192240119090910108.htm
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