Vladimir Ilyich Lenin - the great leader of the world's proletariat, founder of the Communist International; at the same time led the Russian people to carry out the October Revolution, establishing the world's first workers' and peasants' state led by the Party of the proletariat. Photo: Document released by VNA
Important theoretical basis
Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen An Ninh (Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics) said that the Vietnamese revolution's choice of "the path of following Leninism" to liberate the nation and develop the country was the greatest theoretical achievement in President Ho Chi Minh's journey to find a way to save the country.
Of course, from the general theory of a doctrine of a global nature, when applied to the practice of a country, a large amount of creativity of the Party and the leader is always needed. Therefore, in the current practice of theoretical research, all countries developing in the direction of socialism have a thinker. They are the first to recognize, propagate and successfully apply Marxism-Leninism to the revolutionary process of the country. In Vietnam, President Ho Chi Minh is such a case.
According to Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen An Ninh, Lenin considered the theory of “the world historical mission of the working class” to be “the core and main content of Marxist doctrine”. He was also the great leader of the proletariat and the Russian Communist Party that successfully carried out the October Revolution in Russia (1917). In short, the ideology of liberating the working class, liberating society, and liberating people is the main axis of this doctrine.
President Ho Chi Minh creatively applied the doctrine of class liberation as the theoretical basis for the process of national liberation. Before that, all Vietnamese revolutionaries were on the "nationalist" stance. That is why at that time, Phan Boi Chau assessed that "socialism is the tank that stormed the citadel of nationalism". National unity on the basis of "workers and peasants are the root of the revolution", "other classes are friends" of the national liberation revolution and nation building is a very new and very creative thought of President Ho Chi Minh. As practice has confirmed, this is a very correct thought because it is suitable for Vietnam's conditions.
A major innovation that needs to be mentioned is that President Ho Chi Minh paid great attention to the responsibility of the Communist Parties at that time for the issue of colonial national liberation. It was Lenin who first mentioned this responsibility in an important document of the Second Congress of the Communist International (July 1920). At this Congress, V. Lenin presented the "First Draft Theses on the National and Colonial Questions" and was supported by the entire Congress. From here, the revolutionary Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh placed the process of national liberation in the process of the proletarian revolution and considered "the Vietnamese revolution as a part of the world revolution". The Communist Party of Vietnam, founded and trained by him, "is the offspring of the Nation", the Party of the working class and at the same time the "Party of the Vietnamese nation". National liberation to create the premise for liberating the oppressed and exploited classes is a very new approach of President Ho Chi Minh.
“National independence associated with socialism” is also a typical example of Ho Chi Minh’s creative thinking. On the occasion of the first anniversary of V.I. Lenin’s death, Nguyen Ai Quoc wrote the article “Lenin and the colonial peoples” in the Red magazine (Soviet Union) No. 2 (1925). Affirming Lenin’s great contributions, he wrote: “In the history of the suffering and disenfranchised lives of colonial peoples, Lenin is the creator of a new life, a beacon guiding the path to liberation for all oppressed humanity”. From that spirit, President Ho Chi Minh always linked national independence with the freedom and happiness of the people. When the country gains independence, the people must enjoy the values of socialism: “Everyone has food to eat, clothes to wear; everyone can study”.
Suitable for the conditions of the Vietnamese revolution
Analyzing the proletarian revolution and the national liberation revolution, Associate Professor, Doctor Le Thi Thanh Ha, Deputy Director of the Institute of Sociology and Development (Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics) said: C. Marx and F. Engels affirmed that the proletarian revolution would break out simultaneously in developed capitalist countries such as England, France, and the United States. Lenin had a step forward when he believed that the proletarian revolution could break out in countries with average capitalist development such as Russia and in colonial countries, the proletarian revolution could only succeed when the proletarian revolution in the mother country succeeded, then return to the proletarian revolution in the mother country.
President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam creatively applied Lenin's viewpoint when they said: "The national liberation revolution in the colonies does not necessarily depend on the proletarian revolution in the mother country, but can proactively win before the proletarian revolution in the mother country". This is a very new and unique view of President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam. It was the creative application of this theory of Marxism-Leninism to the Vietnamese revolution that led Vietnam to victory in 1945.
On class struggle: In the process of leaving to find a way to save the country, through practical surveys in countries on the continents of Europe, Africa, America and even in France, revolutionary Ho Chi Minh concluded that: Capitalism and colonialism are the source of all suffering of workers and peasants in both the "home country" as well as in the colonies; the French bourgeois revolution as well as the American bourgeois revolution are incomplete revolutions; "To save the country and liberate the nation, there is no other way than the proletarian revolutionary path".
However, Ho Chi Minh did not “transport” the theory of Marxism-Leninism to Vietnam, because according to him, “Marx built his doctrine on a certain philosophy of history, but which history? European history. And what is Europe? It is not all of humanity”. Therefore, Marxism-Leninism believes that the class problem determines the national problem: “Eliminate the situation of man exploiting man, and the situation of one nation exploiting another will also be eliminated”. But commenting on the specificity of the class struggle in the East, Ho Chi Minh wrote: “The class struggle does not take place like in the West, because the societies of Indochina, India or China, in terms of economic structure, are not like the Western societies of the Middle Ages, as well as of modern times, and the class struggle there is not as fierce as here”; “Hearing people talk about class struggle, we also put out slogans of class struggle, without considering our country’s circumstances to do it right.” From that, Ho Chi Minh believed that in Vietnam, class struggle must be closely linked to the struggle for national liberation from the standpoint of the proletariat.
Regarding revolutionary forces: According to Marxism-Leninism, for the proletarian revolution to succeed, there must be an alliance of classes: workers, peasants and intellectuals. However, President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam affirmed: The national liberation revolution "is the common work of the entire people, not the work of one or two people"; "scholars, farmers, workers and merchants are all united in opposing tyranny"; "workers and peasants are the masters of the revolution", "workers and peasants are the roots of the revolution"; "the national revolution has not yet been divided into classes, meaning that scholars, farmers, workers and merchants are all united in opposing tyranny"...
In the current context, our Party affirms: “Great national unity is the strategic line of the Vietnamese revolution, a great driving force and resource in building and defending the Fatherland”. Great national unity on the basis of the alliance of the working class with the peasantry and the intelligentsia, under the leadership of the Party, is the strategic line of the Vietnamese revolution; is the source of strength, the main driving force and a decisive factor in ensuring the sustainable victory of the cause of building and defending the Fatherland.
“In the national liberation revolution and in the construction of socialism, President Ho Chi Minh and the Communist Party of Vietnam always creatively applied Marxism-Leninism and this has led the Vietnamese revolution from one victory to another,” Associate Professor, Dr. Le Thi Thanh Ha emphasized.
Create the strength of the whole nation
Associate Professor, Dr. Nguyen An Ninh believes that the faithful and creative application of Marxism-Leninism is very important on the path to building socialism in Vietnam. First of all, it is the strategic orientation value for the Vietnamese revolution. Since choosing the “path of following Leninism”, the Vietnamese revolution has continuously achieved great victories and brought the whole nation forward with the transitional era to socialism.
Marxism-Leninism asserts that socialism must be based on the material foundation of industrial revolutions and the development of the working class; promoting industrialization and modernization to build the material foundation of socialism in Vietnam, "building a modern, strong working class"... are very basic solutions suggested by Marxism-Leninism.
In particular, creative application of Marxism-Leninism helps to constantly consolidate and develop the mastery position of the working class and the people brought about by the cause of building socialism. That is the most sustainable and fundamental link that creates the strength of the whole nation in building socialism.
Associate Professor, Dr. Le Thi Thanh Ha believes that on the path to building socialism in Vietnam, Marxism-Leninism has always been the ideological foundation and the compass for all actions of the Vietnamese revolution. Because Marxism-Leninism is a system of theoretical viewpoints and scientific methodologies that are crystallized and are the pinnacle of human intellectual achievements, of the cultural quintessence that mankind has created. Marxism-Leninism is the only doctrine that has ever set a goal and clearly shown the path to completely liberate the working class, the working people and oppressed peoples in the world from slavery and exploitation, from poverty and alienation in many aspects, bringing a prosperous life, freedom and happiness to people.
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