A woman during a heat wave in Beijing, China, in June 2023.
Reuters reported on January 9 that the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) said 2023 was the hottest year on Earth with a significant increase in temperature.
Scientists had predicted the situation before, after many temperature records were broken. Last year, every month from June to December was a record hotter than the previous year.
"This is a very special year, climatically... on a unique level, even compared to other very warm years," said C3S director Carlo Buontempo.
Comparing ancient climate records from sources such as tree rings and air bubbles in glaciers, Mr Buontempo said this was "very likely" the warmest year in the past 100,000 years.
On average, in 2023, the Earth was 1.48 degrees Celsius warmer than the pre-industrial period (1850-1900), as humans began burning fossil fuels on an industrial scale, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere.
Countries agreed in the 2015 Paris Agreement to try to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius, in order to avoid the most severe consequences.
Highlights from the historic COP28 climate agreement
Hayley Fowler, professor of climate change at Newcastle University, said the record year of 2023 highlighted the need for "extremely urgent" action to reduce emissions.
“The pace of change in politics and the real will to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has not kept pace with the pace of change in extreme weather and warming,” she warned.
Along with human-caused climate change, in 2023, temperatures will also rise due to the El Nino weather phenomenon, warming surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean and contributing to rising global temperatures.
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