The issue of sustainable livelihood development for ethnic minority and mountainous areas has always received special attention from the Party and the State. Through the National Target Program for Socio-Economic Development of Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas for the 2021-2030 period, the lives of people in ethnic minority and mountainous areas have gradually changed positively, especially through support from the National Target Program for Socio-Economic Development of Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas for the 2021-2025 period. The article is based on the theory of the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework of the UK Department for International Development (DFID) (1999), according to which capital is understood as the types of capital that people use to make a living, including 05 types: (i) Physical capital; (ii) Financial capital; (iii) Social capital; (iv) Human capital; and (v) Natural capital; From there, assess the current status of livelihood capital of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas of Quang Tri province, and at the same time propose some solutions to ensure sustainable livelihoods for ethnic minorities and mountainous areas in this area.
The current situation of livelihood capital of ethnic minorities and mountainous areas in Quang Tri province from the perspective of DFID sustainable livelihood framework
The ethnic minority and mountainous areas of Quang Tri province currently have a natural area of 313,675 hectares, accounting for 68% of the province's natural area; there are 44 mountainous communes and towns, of which 38 communes and towns are areas where ethnic minorities live, mainly Van Kieu and Pa Co ethnic groups. The mountainous population as of January 1, 2023 is 46,003 households; the total number of ethnic minority households is 21,374 households (accounting for 13.4% of the province's population).
Regarding physical capital: Infrastructure is implemented quite synchronously. The whole region has 100% of communes and hamlets with national grid electricity; 98.7% of households use electricity; 100% of communes are covered by television; 100% of communes have solid roads to the commune center; 77% of villages and hamlets have solid roads to the commune center; 100% of communes have national standard health stations; standardization with 100% of communes having primary schools, 75% of communes having secondary schools, 38 schools meeting national standards; the rate of communes having cultural houses is 40.4%; the rate of villages having community houses is 82%; there are Van Kieu - Pa Co traditional houses in 2 mountainous border districts (Huong Hoa and Dakrong) to preserve and promote the tangible and intangible heritage values of ethnic minorities. Currently, the ethnic minority area has two communes that meet new rural standards: Vinh Ha commune (Vinh Linh district) and Tan Lap commune (Huong Hoa district).
Implementing the policy of supporting residential land and funding for granting certificates of land use rights and production land for poor ethnic minority households and poor households in communes of region III, especially disadvantaged villages and hamlets of Quang Tri province in the period of 2019-2022 with a total approved budget of VND 8,627 million. "Soft" infrastructure - information technology infrastructure is focused on through the allocation of capital for information technology application.
Regarding financial capital: The implementation of the National Target Program on Socio-Economic Development in Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas for the 2021-2025 period in Quang Tri province will begin in 2022. In general, there are many difficulties and obstacles in 2022, so the disbursement value of capital sources will only reach VND 55,239 million/VND 216,314 million, reaching 25.5% of the capital plan assigned by the Central Government.
In 2023, the disbursement results according to the capital allocation plan in 2023 and the capital source transferred from 2022 are 312,654.3 million VND/561,923.5 million VND, reaching 55.6%. Summing up the results over 2 years of implementation, the disbursed capital is 364,010.7 million VND/613,280.0 million VND, reaching 59.3%.
On social capital: Organize policy dialogues at commune and village level in particularly difficult areas; training courses on information collection for gender equality monitoring and evaluation systems for commune and village level officials, training courses for provincial and district level officials on synthesizing and analyzing information on gender monitoring and evaluation.
Currently, there are 105 community media groups with 910 members established and maintained in operation. Border security, politics and social order and safety are maintained; there are no collective complaints and land disputes in ethnic minority and mountainous areas.
Regarding human capital: effectively implement projects on education - training and health development. The rate of ethnic minority students of the right age in primary school reaches 95%, and in secondary school reaches 96%; 100% of commune health stations have doctors, all villages have village health stations. Organize conferences to honor exemplary prestigious people; direct and inspect the implementation of policies for prestigious people. Preserve and promote the fine traditional cultural values of ethnic minorities in association with tourism development. The poverty rate in mountainous areas in 2023 will decrease by 3.25% compared to the previous year.
Regarding natural capital, the potentials and advantages are exploited, contributing positively to the economic development of the Region. The whole region is restructuring the agricultural sector in association with new rural construction, thereby exploiting the potentials and advantages of localities. Developing sustainable agricultural and forestry economy in association with forest protection and increasing people's income. Organizing well the work of supporting the construction of two-way trade models to promote the consumption of typical products of ethnic minority and mountainous areas, effectively exploiting natural capital.
However, the implementation of livelihood capital for ethnic minority and mountainous areas in Quang Tri province still faces some difficulties such as the average income of ethnic minority households is much lower than the average income of the whole Quang Tri province. The proportion of ethnic minority people accounts for 13.10% of the population, but the number of poor households accounts for 80.55% of the total population of the province; the proportion of poor ethnic minority households accounts for 68.94% compared to the number of poor households in the whole province. People still lack residential land and production land.
Some solutions
Firstly, on creating effective physical capital: Developing basic infrastructure to serve production and people's lives, in which, prioritizing the connection of traffic routes from commune centers to villages, routes connecting with agricultural and forestry production areas. Effectively solving residential land, housing, production land for people; arranging and stably settling residents in ethnic minority areas, mountainous areas, border areas, areas affected by natural disasters, landslides, special-use forests, protective forests; associated with vocational training, solving employment for rural workers.
Second, on creating financial capital efficiency: Increase mobilization sources, encourage legal contributions from enterprises, funding sources from domestic and foreign organizations and individuals; counterpart funds, participation, contributions from people, beneficiaries of the Program. Local authorities need to implement measures to optimize costs and manage expenditures to increase the efficiency of financial capital for the livelihoods of ethnic minority and mountainous areas. Enhance the transparency of local authorities in managing and using capital sources.
Third, on creating effective social capital: Improve the quality of emulation movements and campaigns on sustainable poverty reduction, new rural construction, and socio-economic development in ethnic minority and mountainous areas. Build a strong grassroots political system, maintain political security and social order and safety; consolidate and strengthen the great solidarity of ethnic groups, and enhance the trust of ethnic people in the Party and the State.
Fourth, on creating effective human capital: Comprehensively develop education, training, health care, culture; significantly improve people's lives; increase the quantity and quality of cadres, civil servants, public employees, and workers who are ethnic minorities. Continue to promote the role of prestigious people in the ethnic minority community. Improve the effectiveness of propaganda, mobilization and implementation of building a cultural lifestyle in rural areas; preserve and promote the identity and tangible and intangible cultural values of ethnic groups in the area, associated with the development of rural tourism.
Fifth, on creating natural capital efficiency: Promoting indigenous knowledge of ethnic minority communities in implementing support for production development according to the value chain of national target programs. Increasing benefits from forests; effectively applying the Community-based Forest Management Model (CBFM). Promoting the advantages of ethnic minority and mountainous areas in Quang Tri province, with two border districts, Huong Hoa and Dakrong, in building a two-way trade model that is both an essential point of sale and a point of purchase and consumption of typical products of ethnic minority and mountainous areas.
Thai Thi Hong Minh
Source: https://baoquangtri.vn/mot-so-giai-phap-ve-tang-cuong-hieu-qua-thuc-xien-von-sinh-ke-tu-goc-tiep-can-dfid-cua-vung-dong-bao-dan-toc-thieu-so-va-mien-nuoi-o-tinh-quang-tri-187693.htm
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