First, at the strategic level, building upon the scattered content within the National AI Strategy, there needs to be a more comprehensive and clearly defined framework for AI applications across the entire public sector, from central to local levels. This includes objectives, general principles, key tasks, and a roadmap. Developing AI in government agencies aims to improve the efficiency and quality of their operations, better serve the people, and align with human ethical standards such as safety, accountability, transparency, and inclusiveness.
Simultaneously, a legal framework addressing issues related to AI applications in government agencies is crucial. This framework should include provisions such as: the rights and obligations of government agencies in applying AI to their operations; the scope of AI application; principles of transparency and accountability; standards for the procurement, design, development, and use of AI-based systems; guidelines on professional and technical aspects of AI application; risk identification and risk management in AI applications; and prohibited actions in the application of AI to government agencies.
Next, identifying and correctly solving the "problem" for deploying AI in state agencies is of practical significance, based on the following factors: (1) identifying the need for AI application according to the specific tasks of state agencies; (2) identifying the potential and risks of AI; (3) the capacity of state agencies in terms of infrastructure, data, human resources, and financial resources. In the short term, given the limited financial resources, data, infrastructure, and human resources, a targeted approach, "making do with what you have," is appropriate. In the medium and long term, when resources are increased, state agencies will need to redefine the "problem," and may develop AI solutions on a larger scale and with greater complexity.
Financially, in order to calculate and disburse funds for AI solutions, which have many unique characteristics compared to information technology, specific and separate legal regulations are needed for managing investment in AI from the state budget. This includes budgeting, management, use, and settlement of funds; methods for pricing and setting rates for expenditure items such as data collection, aggregation, verification, and cleaning; training and refining AI models/applications; and operating AI solutions in work, etc. Furthermore, a financial mechanism that accepts a degree of "trial and error" is necessary in the application of AI to the operations of state agencies.
Regarding data and infrastructure, better connectivity and data sharing within the public sector, along with the provision of open data to businesses and research institutions, are essential conditions for developing AI solutions for government agencies. In the short term, due to limitations in data and AI infrastructure (data centers, AI chips), simpler AI solutions requiring less computing power, such as virtual assistants for officials and civil servants, and document review, should be developed. In the medium and long term, upgrading existing AI solutions or developing complex AI models/solutions for environmental and agricultural applications will require more investment in big data, cloud storage infrastructure, computing infrastructure, and AI chips. Government agencies can utilize data center infrastructure services, cloud computing services, and AI data storage services provided by businesses.
Finally, to ensure a workforce with sufficient capacity to apply AI in the public sector in Vietnam, for the core group responsible for AI application, attention should be paid to enhancing their professional and technical knowledge and skills in AI, data, cloud technology, cybersecurity, etc. Funding could be provided for this group to participate in long-term and short-term training courses on these topics. For other sectors, training and development in AI and its application in their respective fields is necessary; AI knowledge should be integrated into existing training and professional development programs for officials and civil servants.
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