The person who defeated the 12 warlords
According to documents compiled by the Central Propaganda Department, Dinh Tien Hoang (real name Dinh Bo Linh), from Dai Huu village, Dai Hoang district (now Van Bong village, Gia Phuong commune, Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province), was the second son of Governor Dinh Cong Tru (Governor of Chau Hoan, concurrently Imperial Admiral under Duong Dinh Nghe and Ngo Quyen); his mother was Dam Thi.
Temple of King Dinh Tien Hoang, Gia Phuong commune, Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province.
After his father passed away, Dinh Bo Linh, his mother and servants returned to his hometown Dai Hoang to live. His father's political power gave the young Dinh Bo Linh the status of a "noble son" of a prestigious family in Dai Hoang district that no other child in this mountainous region could have.
Dinh Bo Linh lost his father at a young age, his mother, surnamed Dam, brought her family back to her hometown to live. Being the son of a mandarin and a general, he was often trained in military books and martial arts by talented servants. Dinh Bo Linh was talented from his youth. Bo Linh often organized military drills and was honored by his friends as a leader. When playing and practicing, his friends often made palanquins and carried them on both sides, holding reeds to carry him like the emperor's ceremonial flag. The people in the area brought their children to follow him in large numbers and appointed him as the leader of Dao Ao (now in Gia Hung, Gia Phu, Lien Son communes, Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province).
Dinh Bo Linh built up his forces to become stronger and stronger, both suppressing and subduing other warlords. Wherever Dinh Bo Linh fought, he won as easily as cutting bamboo, and was called Van Thang Vuong.
After Ngo Quyen died (in 944), the royal court was in chaos and could not control remote areas. Dinh Bo Linh and his close friends such as Dinh Dien, Nguyen Bac, Trinh Tu, and Luu Co (who were from the same hometown) gathered soldiers and built a base in Thung Lau (now Gia Hung commune).
Originally a hero with a clear political vision, Dinh Bo Linh soon realized the weakness of Ngo Quyen's successors in Co Loa, so he joined forces with the warlord Tran Lam in Bo Hai Khau (present-day Thai Binh region) to develop his forces. Faced with his prestige, one of the most powerful warlords at that time, Pham Phong At in Dang Chau (present-day Hai Duong region), who had once occupied a large northeastern region, led his troops to Hoa Lu to join forces and was appointed by Dinh Bo Linh as the General of the Guard.
During the period from 945 to 950, Dinh Bo Linh had complete control over Hoa Lu and the surrounding area; historical records say "From then on, everyone was afraid and convinced, and wherever he went to fight, it was as easy as splitting bamboo...
In 951, Dinh Bo Linh's forces were quite strong, his reputation had risen, making Ngo Xuong Ngap and Ngo Xuong Van afraid, they brought troops to attack but were defeated and had to retreat.
In 965, King of Nam Tan Ngo Xuong Van passed away, the Ngo dynasty court founded by Ngo Quyen (in 939) in the capital Co Loa became extremely chaotic.
The book Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu recorded in 966: "The King of Nam Tan died, the powerful leaders competed to rise up and occupy districts and hamlets to protect themselves... At that time, the country had no leader, 12 warlords fought to be the leader, no one wanted to submit to anyone".
The country was in turmoil, so Dinh Bo Linh decided to attack the warlords. Using flexible political measures - alliance, surrender combined with tough military measures - conquest, Dinh Bo Linh gradually quelled the warlords, ending the "internal rebellion" in the middle of the 10th century, and reunited the country at the end of 967.
Dinh Bo Linh's military talent and strategy are indisputable. Historian Le Van Huu made a very accurate comment about him: "Thanks to his extraordinary talent and intelligence, the bravest and most resourceful of his life, at a time when our country had no ruler and the strong leaders were in charge, he raised an army and all twelve warlords surrendered."
Statue of King Dinh Tien Hoang at King Dinh Tien Hoang temple, Gia Phuong commune, Gia Vien district, Ninh Binh province.
In 968, after quelling the rebellion of the 12 warlords and unifying the country, Van Thang Vuong Dinh Bo Linh ascended the throne, calling himself Dai Thang Minh Hoang De. Initially, the King chose a beautiful piece of land in Dam Thon (the area of two communes Gia Thang and Gia Tien today), wanting to build the capital there, but because the land was narrow and had no advantage in defense, he chose to build the capital in Hoa Lu.
After proclaiming himself emperor, the king named the country Dai Co Viet, built the capital in Hoa Lu (Truong Yen commune, Hoa Lu district today), named the era Thai Binh, and founded the Dinh dynasty (968 - 980).
Although the Dinh Dynasty only existed for 12 years, it had a special position and achieved great, proud achievements in the history of the nation.
Historian Ngo Thi Si commented: "The first emperor rose from a commoner, rising up to defeat 12 warlords at once. Then he founded the country, built the capital, changed the reign name, and took the throne. His martial arts were famous everywhere, and his culture was renewed. After reigning for 3 years, he began to communicate with the Song Dynasty. The king's regulations and military ranks were very commendable. His son Lien was given the title of District King. His career development can be said to be very great."
Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu also wrote: "The King... pacified the warlords, established himself as emperor, and reigned for 12 years... The King was more talented and intelligent than others, the bravest of his generation, swept away all the powerful leaders, and resumed the great dynasty of Trieu Vu De...." .
The great historian Le Van Huu assessed Dinh Tien Hoang's talent and great achievements very accurately: "Tien Hoang was talented, wiser than others, and the bravest of his generation. At the time when our country of Viet had no ruler, the strong leaders were in charge, he attacked and all twelve warlords submitted, then opened the country and established the capital, changed the title of Emperor, appointed hundreds of mandarins, built six armies, and had a nearly complete regime. Was it God's will that our country of Viet had a sage born to continue the rule of Trieu Vuong?" (according to Dai Viet Su Ky Toan Thu).
The birth of Dai Co Viet State was truly a great milestone in the history of the nation. With the establishment of the national name, the reign name, the establishment of a unified administrative apparatus from top to bottom, the determination of the territory, the minting of bronze coins, and the attention paid to the development of the economy, culture, and military... The cause of re-establishing the nation of our people was officially completed here.
Dinh Bo Linh was the first and greatest contributor to this great cause. He was the one who created the foundation for national unity, something that had never existed before.
National hero opens national legitimacy
Dinh Tien Hoang is a national hero, who initiated and laid the foundation for national unification, and initially built a centralized feudal state. To commemorate the great contributions of Dinh Tien Hoang, after the king passed away (in 979), in the capital city of Hoa Lu, the mandarins honored him as Tien Hoang De (the first Emperor).
To commemorate the great contributions of Dinh Tien Hoang, after the king passed away (in 979), in the capital Hoa Lu, the mandarins honored him as Tien Hoang De (First Emperor).
The temple of King Dinh (in Truong Yen commune) is ranked as a special historical and cultural relic; the temple in Gia Phuong commune is ranked as a national historical and cultural relic. The "Chinh thong thuy" (Chinh thong thuy) in the temple of King Dinh in Truong Yen affirms and proves that truth. "The legitimate emperor of our Vietnam started from here. The successive Holy Emperors and Gods who later created the great works also followed the lessons of the Dinh dynasty." That is "Heaven's will to create for our Vietnam a wise Saint to continue the national tradition."
After Ly Cong Uan moved the capital to Thang Long, local people rebuilt the temples of King Dinh and King Le Dai Hanh. In the early 17th century, the two temples were renovated to be larger and held larger festivals every year.
The festival is held on the 15th day of the second lunar month, the birthday of King Dinh, or on the 16th of August, the day he died, or on the 10th of the third lunar month, the day Van Thang Vuong Dinh Bo Linh ascended the throne. Thus, the Truong Yen festival has existed for more than a thousand years.
According to the "Dictionary of Vietnamese Rituals", every year on the 16th day of the 8th lunar month is the death anniversary of King Dinh, the festival took place throughout the Ly, Tran, Le, and Nguyen dynasties. Each time the ceremony was held, the king sent officials to King Dinh Temple to perform the ceremony and had to arrive a day early to rehearse the ceremony. Thus, the Truong Yen Festival was organized by the feudal court with national ceremony rituals for a long time.
King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple in Gia Phuong Commune is ranked as a national historical and cultural relic.
Offerings include silk, wine, sticky rice, buffalo, goat, pig, fruit, incense and candles; there are singers playing 9 different songs. In front of the dragon yard, in addition to flags, fans and parasols, there are also 40 soldiers wearing conical hats, felt shirts, and holding weapons standing in two rows. During the reign of Khai Dinh (1916 - 1925), the festival was not held on August 16 but on March 10 of the lunar calendar, the day King Dinh ascended the throne. Ninh Binh folk songs say:
No matter where you buy or sell
Remember to come back on the day of the Lau Flag Festival;
No matter how busy you are,
March festival then go to Truong Yen.
Many activities to celebrate the 1,100th anniversary of the birth of Emperor Dinh Tien Hoang
On the occasion of the 1,100th anniversary of the birth of Emperor Dinh Tien Hoang (924-2024), the People's Committee of Gia Vien district (Ninh Binh) is planning to implement many unique cultural and artistic activities.
Accordingly, the 1,100th anniversary of the birth of Emperor Dinh Tien Hoang (924-2024) will be held on March 24, 2024 (ie February 15th of the lunar calendar) with activities such as: Organizing the launch of the book "Gia Vien - History and Culture"; Book Reading Festival; Hoa Trang Nguyen Contest; Mass Art Performance; Organizing the preliminary round of the 3rd "Nurturing Talents for Young Tour Guides" Contest in Gia Vien District. Before that, on March 23, 2024 (ie March 14th of the lunar calendar), the King's Offerings Contest will take place.
The inner courtyard of King Dinh Tien Hoang Temple, Gia Phuong Commune, Gia Vien District, Ninh Binh Province.
On this occasion, activities also took place such as: organizing the 2024 Trade and Investment Promotion Program to attract investors in the industrial sector, promote tourism, promote the image and create a production and business environment in the district; Opening the Cheo show on Van Long Lagoon" to introduce and maintain the activities of mass art teams in localities to serve tourism in 2024; Organizing the first Gia Vien District Cross-Country Race and Gia Vien District Half-Marathon Race.
To organize successful activities, bringing deep impressions to the people in the district and tourists from all over, Gia Vien district authorities are checking, reviewing and completing the assigned tasks.
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