Social security policies must be increasingly developed and expanded so that people can benefit more and more from the country's development.
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| National Assembly Deputy Pham Trong Nghia said that Vietnam always takes people as the driving force, center and goal of social security policy. |
In the world, the right to social security (SS) is one of the basic human rights, classified as economic, social and cultural rights. This right is recognized in Article 22 (and also mentioned in Article 25) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) of 1948.
Throughout the process of protecting, building and developing the country, our Party has repeatedly affirmed Vietnam's development model, taking people as the driving force, center and goal of development. At the same time, it has always affirmed the important position and role of the human factor as the decisive factor of development.
Vietnam always takes people as the driving force, center, and goal of social security policy. In our country, the right to enjoy social security was first enshrined in the 2013 Constitution as a fundamental right of citizens. Specifically, Article 34 of the Constitution stipulates: "Citizens have the right to social security". Thus, all Vietnamese citizens have the right to enjoy social security, regardless of gender, religion, belief, occupation, or social class.
Social security system is still difficult
It can be said that human resources are the most valuable assets that must be protected. At the same time, the highest goal of all socio-economic development policies is also for the people, aiming to ensure social security and an increasingly better life for the people. Therefore, social security policies must be increasingly developed and expanded to create a better basis for people to benefit more and more from the country's development.
However, in reality, the social security system in our country still has some shortcomings. The coverage of social security is still low due to limited investment resources for social security. Therefore, priority must be given to the poor, disadvantaged and vulnerable groups, remote areas, ethnic minorities, etc.
Social security policies are gradually being approached based on people's right to security. In particular, the rights of women, children, the elderly, the disabled and vulnerable groups are better guaranteed. However, due to limited resources, social security policies still do not guarantee that all people have a minimum standard of living according to national standards.
According to international organizations, Vietnam is one of the fastest aging countries in the world, entering the period of an aging population in 2036 and a very aging population in 2056. A series of emerging socio-economic issues put pressure on the social security system.
In the coming time, our country will still face challenges in social security policy. The first is the challenge of population aging. Vietnam entered the population aging phase since 2017 when the proportion of elderly people accounted for 10% of the country's population. At the same time, the challenge of the "middle income trap" reduces resources for social security.
Vietnam's status as a middle-income developing country is an important opportunity and condition for the development of the social security system in the 2021-2030 period. It is necessary to focus resources and have breakthrough solutions to maintain a high and sustainable growth rate, improve growth quality, increase the scale of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and GDP per capita. From there, there will be a premise to implement a rights-based social security policy towards universal coverage as stipulated in the Constitution.
In addition, Vietnam is predicted to be one of the five countries most severely affected by climate change with many serious consequences for agriculture, farmers, rural areas and the whole country. Climate change is a huge challenge for Vietnam in socio-economic development, especially ensuring social security.
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| People are increasingly benefiting from social security policies. (Source: Quochoi) |
Need to promote the advantage of golden population
Faced with such challenges, in my opinion, it is necessary to promote the advantages of the golden population period as well as have appropriate socio-economic policies to protect, build and promote human resources. At the same time, develop and perfect the social care system to meet the increasing service needs of the people.
According to the General Statistics Office, in the first 9 months of 2023, the unemployment rate among working-age people was 2.28%, down 0.07 percentage points. Regarding the employed population, in the first 9 months of 2023, the employed population was 51.2 million, an increase of 776 thousand people over the same period last year. Of which, the urban area was 19 million people, an increase of 321.6 thousand people over the same period last year; the rural area was 32.2 million people, an increase of 454.3 thousand people.
According to Vietnam Social Security, in 2022, the number of people participating in social insurance nationwide will be 17.5 million, reaching 38.08% of the working-age workforce. Of which, the voluntary social insurance coverage rate will reach 3.18% of the workforce with more than 1.4 million participants, exceeding 0.68% of the target assigned by 2025 in Resolution No. 28-NQ/TW. By September 2023, the number of people participating in social insurance is estimated to increase by 8,000 people compared to 2022.
Notably, according to Vietnam Social Security, the rate of population participating in health insurance has developed sustainably every year, each year is higher than the previous year and always meets the targets assigned by the National Assembly and the Government: in 2021, the health insurance coverage rate is 91.01% (exceeding 0.01%); in 2022, it is 92.04% (exceeding 0.04%); in 2023, it is estimated at 93.22% (exceeding 0.02%).
Therefore, with limited resources and time, it is necessary to more specifically define the subjects and content of social security policies to ensure effectiveness, focusing on the groups with the most urgent needs, the most affected, the most disadvantaged, and the weakest in society.
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