The Mang ethnic group in Nam Nhun district (Lai Chau province) has over 6,000 people living in 15 villages in 5 communes. In addition to preserving the beauty of traditional cultural identity such as language, festivals, folk songs, folk dances, etc., the traditional costume of the Mang ethnic group is also a unique cultural heritage, in which the visual art on the costume contains the quintessence and artistic creativity of the nation. The preservation and promotion of the value of the traditional costume of the Mang ethnic group is being focused on by authorities at all levels, localities, and specialized agencies with many practical solutions...
Traditional costume features
Since ancient times, the Mang ethnic girls have been taught by their mothers to sew skirts, shirts, and make leggings. The Mang people have been preserving their unique cultural identities and promoting their ethnic cultural values, including the preservation of traditional costumes.
To make a complete traditional costume takes a lot of time, requires perseverance, meticulousness and dexterity. The costume of the Mang ethnic women is quite elaborate, including: Hair rope or hair tie (Ble Pang xe nang), Shirt (Tua), Yem che or also known as “Buong” (Be), Skirt (hin), Belt (Pang), Leggings to wrap around the legs (Ta lang bong chuan), Jewelry.
Mang men do not sew their own clothes, so they often buy clothes from Thai people to use. Therefore, from the design, material, sometimes some details of patterns, sewing techniques of Thai people . They wear pants, short shirts, headscarves. At first glance, this outfit is not much different from the outfit of men of other ethnic groups.
The Mang people do not weave cloth but exchange goods with the Thai people for cloth. The techniques of measuring and sewing have always been based on the experience of previous generations passed down to the next generation.
Since ancient times, before getting married, Mang ethnic girls had to know how to embroider and sew to prepare their wedding clothes, and later they also taught them to their children and grandchildren. In the early days of learning to sew, Mang women often took a sample of pants or shirts, put them on a piece of fabric, then cut them according to the pattern, then sewed them by hand with simple but very elaborate and skillful stitches to create ethnic costumes with each delicate decorative pattern.
They often combine colorful fabrics with patterns of trees, flowers, and leaves to create borders for the collar, sleeves, and hem of the shirt, making these areas bright and outstanding on the shirt's background, ensuring precision, standardity, and ingenuity so that they fit well, allowing for easy movement and comfort.
Embroidery is a very important stage, through the lines of the patterns we can evaluate the ingenuity, perseverance and creativity of women. The patterns on the costumes of the Mang people are meticulously embroidered, from simple to complex, the motifs are rich and unique, usually the patterns: crosses, zigzags, dashes, stripes, flowers and leaves...
These decorative embroidery designs all have symbolic meanings about human life in the universe and the relationship between humans and nature. The most elaborate decorations are the buttons and buttons with rows of silver buttons, or silver coins (silver tigers) and skillfully sewn colored threads.
The most unique part of the costume of the Măng ethnic group is probably the yếm che, which the ethnic group often calls "bượng". The yếm is made from two pieces of white cloth, 32 x 65cm wide, the seams of the two pieces of cloth are embroidered with blue and red wool; the two ends of the seam are embroidered with red and black squares; the two edges of the yếm are bordered with red stripes to form squares, in the middle of the squares are embroidered with a cross symbol in blue and red thread; the two upper ends of the yếm are bordered with red fabric and decorated with short tassels ; the entire decoration of the seams and the raised black and red squares make the yếm stand out.
In today's modern life, there are too many clothing choices, but most Mang women still preserve traditional costumes, which they often wear during festivals and important events of the Mang people.
Implement many solutions for conservation
From the funding source to support the National Target Program on Socio-Economic Development of Ethnic Minority and Mountainous Areas Phase I (2021 - 2025), recently, at the Cultural House of Huoi Van village, Nam Hang commune (Nam Nhun district, Lai Chau province), a class on teaching techniques for creating Mang ethnic costumes took place.
The class attracted a large number of participants. From a few initial students, the class attracted nearly 30 people, mainly women between the ages of 16 and 40. Everyone was enthusiastic and diligent in studying with the desire to preserve the beauty of their ethnic culture.
As one of the active students of the Mang ethnic costume creation technique teaching class, Ms. Phuong Thi He, in Hoi Van village, Nam Hang commune, shared: We often go to the fields and forests to plant corn, rice..., our daily work is very busy so we don't have time to sew, embroider, and preserve the culture of our ethnic group.
This class is very meaningful, it will help people, especially the Mang ethnic group, learn, preserve and pass on the beauty of costumes, so that later generations will be able to make their own costumes, contributing to preserving the culture of the Mang ethnic group.
Mr. Ha Van Rue, Head of the Department of Culture and Information of Nam Nhun district, informed: The traditional costumes of the Mang ethnic group are the pride of the national cultural tradition. Organizing classes to teach sewing Mang ethnic costumes aims to instruct ethnic people on how to cut and sew complete ethnic costumes, basic embroidery patterns in ethnic costumes; thereby helping the Mang ethnic community raise awareness and responsibility in practicing, teaching methods, techniques and processes of making traditional costumes, contributing to preserving and promoting the traditional cultural values of ethnic groups in general, and the traditional costumes of the Mang people in particular.
In the coming time, the district will continue to mobilize support funds from ethnic policy programs and projects to organize conservation activities, thereby encouraging people to continue to preserve and promote the craft of making ethnic costumes in particular, contributing to preserving and promoting the cultural values of the Mang ethnic group in the area.
Thao Khanh (Ethnic and Development Newspaper)
Source: https://baophutho.vn/dac-sac-nghe-thuat-sang-tao-tren-trang-phuc-truyen-thong-cua-dan-toc-mang-o-nam-nhun-225462.htm
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